1) Which one of the following is not one of the four
main tissue categories?
A) muscle tissue
B) neural tissue
C) osseous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) epithelial tissue
C) osseous tissue
2) The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is
________ tissue.
A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) basal
E) apical
A) epithelial
3) Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except
A) attachment.
B) avascularity.
C) regeneration.
D) polarity.
E) extracellular matrix.
E) extracellular matrix.
4) The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small
molecules is the
A) desmosome.
B) hemidesmosome.
C) gap junction.
D) tight junction.
E) zonula adherens.
C) gap junction.
5) Functions of epithelia include all of the following except
A) providing physical protection.
B) controlling permeability.
C) absorption.
D) producing specialized secretions.
E) supporting muscle cells.
E) supporting muscle cells.
6) Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have
________ at their free surface.
A) mitochondria
B) cilia
C) microvilli
D) junctional complexes
E) Golgi complexes
C) microvilli
7) A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from
crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n)
A) tight junction.
B) gap junction.
C) intermediate junction.
D) desmosome.
E) All of the answers are correct.
A) tight junction.
8) Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held
together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by
intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called
A) gap junctions.
B) intermediate junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) desmosomes.
E) junctional complexes.
D) desmosomes.
9) Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for
A) contraction.
B) conduction.
C) secretion.
D) circulation.
E) support.
C) secretion.
10) Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
A) keratin.
B) interfacial canals.
C) a basement membrane.
D) a reticular lamina.
E) proteoglycan.
C) a basement membrane.
11) Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?
A) simple squamous epithelium
B) simple cuboidal epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
12) A layer of glycoproteins that prevents leakage of materials from
connective tissues into epithelia is the
A) integral proteins.
B) clear layer.
C) matrix.
D) dense layer.
E) ground substance.
B) clear layer.
13) Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste,
sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as
A) neuroepithelia.
B) psychoepithelia.
C) neuropsychoepithelia.
D) multilaminar epithelia.
E) protective epithelia.
A) neuroepithelia.
14) Germinative cells
A) start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue.
B) cannot divide in the deep layers of epithelial tissue.
C) make up most of the epithelial type of tissue.
D) divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
E) cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue.
D) divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
15) In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces,
which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?
A) tight junctions
B) basolateral junctions
C) gap junctions
D) hemidesmosomes
E) desmosomes
E) desmosomes
16) Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several
layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one
surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a
type of
A) epithelium.
B) muscle tissue.
C) connective tissue.
D) neural tissue.
E) fat tissue.
A) epithelium.
17) Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by
junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one
free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely
________ tissue.
A) muscle
B) neural
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) adipose
C) epithelial
18) Transitional epithelium is found
A) lining the urinary bladder.
B) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
C) lining kidney tubules.
D) lining the stomach.
E) at the surface of the skin.
A) lining the urinary bladder.
19) The heart and blood vessels are lined by ________ epithelium.
A) pseudostratified columnar
B) transitional
C) simple cuboidal
D) simple columnar
E) simple squamous
E) simple squamous
20) You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
A) trachea.
B) urinary bladder.
C) secretory portions of the pancreas.
D) surface of the skin.
E) stomach.
A) trachea.
21) Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?
A) They afford little mechanical protection.
B) They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs.
C) They line internal compartments and passageways.
D) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
E) They are avascular.
D) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
22) Cells that are flat and thin are classified as
A) columnar.
B) squamous.
C) blasts.
D) transitional.
E) cuboidal.
B) squamous.
23) Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the
A) kidneys.
B) heart and blood vessels.
C) urinary bladder.
D) mouth.
E) large intestine.
B) heart and blood vessels.
24) The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are
classified as
A) simple squamous.
B) stratified squamous.
C) simple cuboidal.
D) stratified cuboidal.
E) transitional.
A) simple squamous.
25) Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas
ductless secretions act as ________.
A) lubrication; lubricators
B) enzymes; hormones
C) transport media; physical protectors
D) superficial relief; interstitial fluid
E) odors; alarms
B) enzymes; hormones
26) The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are
A) simple and proper.
B) stratified and pseudostratified.
C) squamous and simple.
D) simple and stratified.
E) cuboidal and columnar.
D) simple and stratified.
27) The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is ________ epithelium.
A) stratified squamous
B) simple cuboidal
C) simple squamous
D) transitional
E) simple columnar
C) simple squamous
28) The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is
A) support and structure.
B) protection and transport.
C) phagocytosis and immunity.
D) absorption and secretion.
E) storage and retrieval.
D) absorption and secretion.
29) The study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces, often for
diagnostic purposes, is termed
A) histology.
B) physiology.
C) anatomy.
D) embryology.
E) exfoliative cytology.
E) exfoliative cytology.
30) The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes
A) histology.
B) physiology.
C) anatomy.
D) embryology.
E) exfoliative cytology.
E) exfoliative cytology.
31) Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are
________ glands.
A) endocrine
B) interstitial
C) exocrine
D) merocrine
E) holocrine
A) endocrine
32) Cells that are specialized for secretion
A) have a free surface that is flat.
B) have a small nucleus.
C) are usually squamous.
D) exhibit polarity.
E) are found only in the digestive system.
D) exhibit polarity.
33) Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion.
A) merocrine
B) apocrine
C) holocrine
D) serous
E) mucous
A) merocrine
34) Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are
________ glands.
A) apocrine
B) sudoriferous
C) holocrine
D) endocrine
E) merocrine
C) holocrine
35) The pancreas produces ________ secretions.
A) serous and sebaceous
B) mucous and acid
C) merocrine and holocrine
D) exocrine and endocrine
E) secretory and absorptive
D) exocrine and endocrine
36) Unicellular exocrine glands secrete
A) milk.
B) sweat.
C) mucus.
D) sebum.
E) insulin.
C) mucus.
37) A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single
unbranched duct would be called
A) simple tubular.
B) simple alveolar.
C) compound tubular.
D) compound alveolar.
E) tubuloalveolar.
B) simple alveolar.
38) Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective
tissue proper"?
1. areolar connective tissue
2. adipose tissue
3. fibrocartilage
4. dense irregular connective tissue
A) 3 and 4
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1 and 2
D) 1, 2, and 4
E) 1 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 4
39) Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?
A) squamous cell
B) adipocyte
C) fibroblast
D) chondroblast
E) chondrocyte
C) fibroblast
40) Blood is which type of tissue?
A) mesenchyme
B) nerve
C) epithelial
D) muscle
E) connective
E) connective
41) The viscous material between cells of areolar connective tissue
is called the
A) cytosol.
B) ground substance.
C) cytoplasm.
D) crista.
E) gel matrix.
B) ground substance.
42) Cells that store fat are called
A) lipocytes.
B) macrocytes.
C) adipocytes.
D) podocytes.
E) melanocytes.
C) adipocytes.
43) The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and
lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.
A) loose connective
B) regular dense connective
C) irregular dense connective
D) reticular connective
E) adipose
D) reticular connective
44) The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is
A) collagen.
B) elastin.
C) actin.
D) myosin.
E) connectin.
A) collagen.
45) Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except
A) tendons.
B) ligaments.
C) aponeuroses.
D) areolar tissue.
E) elastic tissue.
D) areolar tissue.
46) The three categories of connective tissues are
A) connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and
supporting connective tissue.
B) epithelial connective tissue, muscle connective tissue, and
neural connective tissue.
C) glandular connective tissue, exocrine connective tissue, and
endocrine connective tissue.
D) connective tissue proper, cartilage connective tissue, and bone
connective tissue.
E) areolar connective tissue, adipose connective tissue, and dense
connective tissue
A) connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting
connective tissue.
47) Two classes of macrophages include
A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B) mast cells and basophils.
C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
D) neutrophils and eosinophils.
E) microphages and adipocytes.
C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
48) Two types of microphages include
A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B) mast cells and basophils.
C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
D) neutrophils and eosinophils.
E) microphages and adipocytes.
D) neutrophils and eosinophils.
49) Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to
stresses from many directions are
A) all connective tissues proper.
B) elastic and hyaline cartilage.
C) dense irregular connective tissues.
D) reticular connective tissues.
E) dense regular connective tissues.
C) dense irregular connective tissues.
50) What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?
A) erythrocyte
B) leukocyte
C) platelet
D) monocyte
E) phagocyte
A) erythrocyte
51) Wharton's jelly is a form of
A) Marfan's syndrome.
B) mucous connective tissue.
C) ground substance.
D) collagen fiber.
E) embryonic epithelium.
B) mucous connective tissue.
52) Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?
A) adipocytes
B) fibroblasts
C) macrophages
D) mast cells
E) lymphocytes
B) fibroblasts
53) ________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect
one bone to another.
A) Ligaments; tendons
B) Ligaments; aponeuroses
C) Tendons; ligaments
D) Aponeuroses; tendons
E) Reticular tissues; tendons
C) Tendons; ligaments
54) The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
A) tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments.
B) loose, dense, and irregular.
C) cartilage, bone, and collagen.
D) collagen, reticular, and elastic.
E) polar, cellular, and permeable.
D) collagen, reticular, and elastic.
55) The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists
because brown fat
A) includes active melanocytes.
B) is more superficial.
C) traps pollutants.
D) is highly vascular.
E) is more mature.
D) is highly vascular.
56) Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective
tissue are
A) fibroblasts.
B) macrophages.
C) adipocytes.
D) mast cells.
E) melanocytes.
B) macrophages.
57) Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except
A) providing strong connections between muscles and bones.
B) supporting epithelia.
C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves.
D) cushioning and stabilizing.
E) filling spaces between organs.
A) providing strong connections between muscles and bones.
58) Antibodies are produced by
A) macrophages.
B) microphages.
C) plasma cells.
D) mast cells.
E) fibroblasts.
C) plasma cells.
59) Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective
tissue repair are
A) mast cells.
B) fibroblasts.
C) plasmocytes.
D) mesenchymal cells.
E) lymphocytes.
D) mesenchymal cells.
60) The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
A) ligamentous
B) hyaline
C) elastic
D) fibrous
E) osseous
B) hyaline
61) Osseous tissue is also called
A) cartilage.
B) fat.
C) cellulite.
D) bone.
E) ligament.
D) bone.
62) Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of
A) epithelial tissue.
B) cartilage.
C) areolar tissue.
D) elastic connective tissue.
E) adipose tissue.
B) cartilage.
63) Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and
between the ribs and sternum?
A) areolar connective tissue
B) hyaline cartilage
C) elastic cartilage
D) fibrous cartilage
E) dense regular connective tissue
B) hyaline cartilage
64) A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
A) areolar connective tissue.
B) cartilage.
C) bone.
D) epithelium.
E) dense regular connective tissue.
B) cartilage.
65) Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
A) perichondrium.
B) ground substance.
C) periosteum.
D) chondroplasm.
E) matrix.
A) perichondrium.
66) Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
A) blood.
B) epithelium.
C) fat.
D) bone.
E) neural tissue.
D) bone.
67) Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?
A) fluid connective tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) supporting connective tissue
D) loose connective tissue
E) adipose tissue
C) supporting connective tissue
68) Unlike cartilage, bone
A) is a connective tissue.
B) has a matrix that contains collagen.
C) is highly vascular.
D) has an outer covering.
E) has cells within lacunae.
C) is highly vascular.
69) Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate
with the exterior of the body?
A) mucous
B) serous
C) cutaneous
D) synovial
E) pleural
A) mucous
70) The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral
surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of
A) cutaneous membranes.
B) mucous membranes.
C) serous membranes.
D) synovial membranes.
E) the lamina propria.
C) serous membranes.
71) The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
A) pleura.
B) peritoneum.
C) pericardium.
D) periosteum.
E) perichondrium.
B) peritoneum.
72) The term transudate describes fluid associated with
A) mucus membranes.
B) mammary glands.
C) cutaneous membranes.
D) serous membranes.
E) endocrine glands.
D) serous membranes.
73) Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of
fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and
adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have
come from the
A) inner wall of a blood vessel.
B) lungs.
C) spleen.
D) superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
E) bony socket of the eye.
D) superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
74) The framework of connective tissue between the skin and
underlying muscles is called the
A) dermis.
B) superficial fascia.
C) deep fascia.
D) subcutaneous layer.
E) subserous fascia.
B) superficial fascia.
75) Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that
surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?
A) superficial fascia
B) hypodermis
C) deep fascia
D) subserous fascia
E) subcutaneous layer
C) deep fascia
76) Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.
A) loose connective
B) dense connective
C) epithelial
D) nerve
E) muscle
E) muscle
77) Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle.
A) skeletal
B) smooth
C) cardiac
D) involuntary
E) both smooth and cardiac
A) skeletal
78) Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of
________ tissue.
A) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) all types of muscle
E) nerve
B) cardiac muscle
79) The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.
A) skeletal
B) cardiac
C) smooth
D) voluntary
E) multinucleated
C) smooth
80) Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical
impulses is ________ tissue.
A) connective
B) neural
C) areolar
D) osseous
E) epithelial
B) neural
81) All of the following are true of neurons except that
A) when mature, they lose the ability to divide.
B) they conduct a nervous impulse.
C) they are composed of a cell body and axon.
D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
E) they are separated from one another by synapses.
D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
82) During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following
is the least likely in the region of the injury?
A) increase in basophils
B) increase in histamine
C) increase in blood flow
D) cold, pale skin
E) swelling
D) cold, pale skin
83) The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called
A) inflammation.
B) apoptosis.
C) fibrosis.
D) cystosis.
E) necrosis.
C) fibrosis.
84) Tissue changes with age include all of the following except
A) less efficient tissue maintenance.
B) proliferation of epidermal cells.
C) thinner epithelia.
D) more fragile connective tissues.
E) decreased ability to repair tissue damage.
B) proliferation of epidermal cells.
1) The study of tissues is called
A) cytology.
B) toxicology.
C) micrology.
D) histology.
E) mycology.
D) histology.
2) An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions.
They are the ________ and the basal surface.
A) apical
B) pinnacle
C) topical
D) crest
E) apogeal
A) apical
3) ________ are proteins that connect adjacent cells at a gap junction.
A) Bindins
B) Adhesions
C) Connexins
D) Attachons
E) Tieons
C) Connexins
4) The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as
A) perithelium.
B) myothelium.
C) intrathelium.
D) endothelium.
E) mesothelium.
E) mesothelium.
5) Gland cells produce
A) mesenchyme.
B) antibodies.
C) secretions.
D) phagocytes.
E) fibers.
C) secretions.
6) Which of the following glands have a compound rather than a simple structure?
A) salivary glands
B) sebaceous glands
C) mucous glands
D) sweat glands
E) gastric glands
A) salivary glands
7) The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both
merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells.
A) epicrine
B) eccrine
C) holocrine
D) apocrine
E) endocrine
D) apocrine
8) The viscous component of connective tissue is called
A) basal layer.
B) ground substance.
C) matrix.
D) lymph.
E) plasma.
B) ground substance.
9) The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting
connective tissues is known as
A) collagen.
B) cartilage.
C) chondroitin.
D) matrix.
E) scaffold.
D) matrix.
10) The watery fluid component of blood is called
A) hemosol.
B) liquid elements.
C) formed elements.
D) hemoplasm.
E) plasma.
E) plasma.
11) In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine.
A) plasma
B) mast
C) mesenchymal
D) gland
E) goblet
B) mast
12) The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the
body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and
A) synovial fluid.
B) urine.
C) sweat.
D) lymph.
E) serous fluid.
D) lymph.
13) Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called
A) plasma.
B) lymph.
C) blood.
D) humoral fluid.
E) plasmin fluid.
B) lymph.
14) The three kinds of formed elements in blood are erythrocytes,
leukocytes, and
A) lymphocytes.
B) platelets.
C) phagocytes.
D) plasma cells.
E) mast cells.
B) platelets.
15) Lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins
against disease. These cells are termed ________, while these proteins
are called antibodies.
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) plasma cells
D) immunocytes
E) phagocytes
C) plasma cells
16) Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or
A) leukocytes.
B) lymphocytes.
C) erythrocytes.
D) thrombocytes.
E) immunocytes.
A) leukocytes.
17) Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that
blocks the growth of blood vessels.
A) leukocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) chondrocytes
D) erythrocytes
E) mesenchymal cells
C) chondrocytes
18) A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between
the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What
type of cartilage is affected?
A) mesenchymal
B) fibrous
C) elastic
D) hyaline
E) articular
B) fibrous
19) Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes
is called ________ growth.
A) appositional
B) intrasitional
C) transitional
D) transformational
E) interstitial
E) interstitial
20) In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter.
A) appositional
B) intrasitional
C) transitional
D) transformational
E) interstitial
A) appositional
21) Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form ________ that
cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.
A) fasciae
B) aponeuroses
C) organ capsules
D) cutaneous layers
E) body membranes
E) body membranes
22) The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is
called the
A) lamina densa.
B) basal lamina.
C) areolar lamina.
D) lamina propria.
E) mucina lamina.
D) lamina propria.
23) Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity as a result of
liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or heart failure is known as
A) edema.
B) ischemia.
C) inflammation.
D) ascites.
E) infarction.
D) ascites.
24) The function of ________ is to propagate electrical signals from
one place to another.
A) muscle cells
B) neurons
C) transmitter cells
D) teleocytes
E) neuroglia
B) neurons
25) ________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells.
A) Nurse cells
B) Neuroglia
C) Neurons
D) Nurturons
E) Nutrient cells
B) Neuroglia
26) The body's first tissue response to any injury is
A) fever.
B) inflammation.
C) bleeding.
D) shivering.
E) All the above.
B) inflammation.