Under normal circumstances, most water is lost in __________.
Urine
The role of ADH is to ___.
Increase water reabsorption.
Which hormone raises blood calcium levels?
PTH
A decrease in blood CO2 levels leads to __________.
An increase in blood pH
Which buffer system is the most abundant in the body?
Protein
What is the effect of hyperventilation on pH?
respiratory alkalosis
Hypersecretion of aldosterone results in hypokalemia, which causes
hyperpolarization of neurons; this in turn results in ______
the need for a stronger than normal stimulus in order to trigger an
action potential
The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.
Plasma
Total body water is not a function of which of the following?A)
amount of body fatB) body massC) ageD) amount of
water ingested
amount of water ingested
When the production of hydrogen ions in the body is the same as their
loss, you are in ____________________.
acid-base balance
The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment?
Intracellular fluid
Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries,
some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt
affect her physiology?
There will be a temporary increase in blood volume.
98% of calcium filtered by the kidney is reabsorbed due to the action
of ________.
Parathyroid hormone
Which condition would cause a drop in pH?
Hypoventiliation
The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is _________________
Sodium
Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing
rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the
following is most likely?A) respiratory acidosis B)
metabolic acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
True or False
Salts are lost from the body in perspiration, feces, and urine.
TRUE
Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most
________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
Potassium
The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid
compartment (ICF) is the ____________________.
Protein Buffer System
Pica occurs when there is a deficiency of _________ in the body.
Minerals such as iron
The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as ____________________.
Hyponatremia
A patient with alkalosis would experience ____________________
Hypovetillation
Physiology adjustments of water and electrolytes are made by
____________________.A) aldosterone.B) ADH.C) atrial
natriuretic peptide.D) None of the aboveE) All of the above
E) All of the above
Diuresis peaks _________ after drinking water.
1 hour
True or False
Most acidic substances (hydrogen ions) originate as by-products of
cellular metabolism.
TRUE
Edema may result from _______
Lymphatic Blockage