1) Purkinje fibers.
Answer: E
2) SA node.
Answer: A
3) AV bundle.
Answer: C
4) AV node.
Answer: B
5) Bundle branches.
Answer: D
6) Atrial depolarization.
Answer: A
7) Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.
Answer: D
8) Ventricular repolarization.
Answer: E
9) Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.
Answer: E
10) Ventricular fibrillation.
Answer: D
11) Second-degree heart block.
Answer: C
12) Junctional rhythm.
Answer: B
13) Normal sinus rhythm.
Answer: A
14) The inner lining of the heart.
A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Parietal layer
D) Myocardium
A) Endocardium
15) Heart muscle.
A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Parietal layer
D) Myocardium
D) Myocardium
16) Serous layer covering the heart muscle.
A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Parietal layer
D) Myocardium
B) Epicardium
17) The outermost layer of the serous pericardium.
A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Parietal layer
D) Myocardium
C) Parietal layer
18) Heart rate at rest under both autonomic divisions signaling
A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
D) Vagal tone
19) An abnormally fast heart rate
A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
C) Tachycardia
20) An abnormally slow heart rate
A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
A) Bradycardia
21) Difference between resting and maximal cardiac output
A) Bradycardia
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Tachycardia
D) Vagal tone
B) Cardiac reserve
22) Prevents backflow into the left ventricle.
A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
23) Prevents backflow into the right atrium.
A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve
B) Tricuspid valve
24) Prevents backflow into the left atrium.
A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve
A) Mitral valve
25) Prevents backflow into the right ventricle.
A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve
D) Pulmonary valve
26) AV valve with two flaps.
A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve
A) Mitral valve
27) AV valve with three flaps.
A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve
B) Tricuspid valve
28) Tricuspid valve.
Answer: B
29) Mitral valve.
Answer: D
30) Right atrium.
Answer: A
31) Left ventricle.
Answer: E
32) Pulmonary veins.
Answer: C
33) Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.
A) Quiescent period
B) Infarction
C) Ischemia
D) Ectopic focus
E) Fibrillation
C) Ischemia
34) Death of heart muscle cells.
A) Quiescent period
B) Infarction
C) Ischemia
D) Ectopic focus
E) Fibrillation
B) Infarction
35) A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of
heart muscle cells.
A) Quiescent period
B) Infarction
C) Ischemia
D) Ectopic focus
E) Fibrillation
E) Fibrillation
36) An abnormal pacemaker.
A) Quiescent period
B) Infarction
C) Ischemia
D) Ectopic focus
E) Fibrillation
D) Ectopic focus
37) Total heart relaxation.
A) Quiescent period
B) Infarction
C) Ischemia
D) Ectopic focus
E) Fibrillation
A) Quiescent period
38) The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.
TRUE
39) Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a
continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.
FALSE
40) Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral
routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.
TRUE
41) Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the
heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to
body tissues.
TRUE
42) Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by
connective tissue.
TRUE
43) The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.
TRUE
44) Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained
increase in heart rate and a weakened heart.
TRUE
45) Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the
heart is in systole or diastole.
FALSE
46) Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles.
FALSE
47) The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis
because they provide information about the function of the heart's
pulmonary and aortic valves.
FALSE
48) Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers
found in the pons.
FALSE
49) The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular
muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae
before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against
the AV valve flaps.
FALSE
50) An ECG provides direct information about valve function.
FALSE
51) As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more
ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.
TRUE
52) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of
atrial contractions with little pause between them.
TRUE
53) Blood in the heart chambers provides some nutrients to the heart
muscle cells.
TRUE
54) Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
A) closure of the heart valves
B) friction of blood against the chamber walls
C) excitation of the SA node
D) opening and closing of the heart valves
A) closure of the heart valves
55) Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar
valves are open?
A) Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.
B) Ventricles are in systole.
C) Ventricles are in diastole.
D) AV valves are closed.
C) Ventricles are in diastole.
56) Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.
A) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
B) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
C) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
D) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
A) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
57) The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right
wall in order to ________.
A) accommodate a greater volume of blood
B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole
C) pump blood through a smaller valve
D) pump blood with greater pressure
D) pump blood with greater pressure
58) Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.
A) SA node
B) AV bundle
C) AV valves
D) AV node
D) AV node
59) The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.
A) ventricular depolarization
B) atrial depolarization
C) atrial repolarization
D) ventricular repolarization
B) atrial depolarization
60) Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.
A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle
A) left atrium
61) The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its
ability to contract is called ________.
A) myocardial infarction
B) angina pectoris
C) cardiac tamponade
D) pericarditis
C) cardiac tamponade
62) The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the
heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries
is ________.
A) angina pectoris
B) pericarditis
C) ischemia
D) myocardial infarct
A) angina pectoris
63) To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your
stethoscope in the ________.
A) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum
B) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
C) fifth right intercostal space
D) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple
B) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
64) The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium
would be the ________.
A) coronary sinus
B) coronary arteries
C) fossa ovalis
D) coronary veins
B) coronary arteries
65) The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the
right ventricle reveals that it ________.
A) pumps blood against a greater resistance
B) expands the thoracic cage
C) pumps a greater volume of blood
D) sends blood through a smaller valve
A) pumps blood against a greater resistance
66) Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?
A) gender
B) body temperature
C) skin color
D) age
C) skin color
67) Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart?
A) thinning of the valve flaps
B) decline in cardiac reserve
C) atherosclerosis
D) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
A) thinning of the valve flaps
68) If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage
would primarily result from ________.
A) decreased delivery of oxygen
B) an inadequate supply of lactic acid
C) a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
D) a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production
A) decreased delivery of oxygen
69) If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle
cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________.
A) it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a
second stimulation
B) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's
pumping action
C) it would be less than 1
B) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's
pumping action
70) Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.
A) causing a decrease in stroke volume
B) blocking the action of calcium
C) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
D) decreasing heart contractility
C) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
71) If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be
that ________.
A) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
B) the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
C) parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease
in heart rate
D) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart
to contract
A) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
72) A foramen ovale ________.
A) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
B) connects the two atria in the fetal heart
C) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum
D) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in
the fetus
B) connects the two atria in the fetal heart
73) Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right
ventricular systole?
A) pulmonary trunk
B) venae cavae
C) pulmonary veins
D) aorta
A) pulmonary trunk
74) Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?
A) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
B) pulmonary arteries only
C) pulmonary veins only
D) aorta only
A) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
75) Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of
the heart?
A) AV valve
B) bundle of His
C) AV node
D) SA node
A) AV valve
76) The tricuspid valve is closed ________.
A) while the atrium is contracting
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) while the ventricle is in diastole
D) by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle
B) when the ventricle is in systole
77) When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern
the right and left ventricles by ________.
A) finding the papillary muscles
B) tracing out where the auricles connect
C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
D) locating the apex
C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
78) Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
A) The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that
regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
does not occur.
B) The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
C) Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
D) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
A) The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that
regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
does not occur.
79) Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.
A) The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the
initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.
B) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract
at all.
C) The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than
that in cardiac muscle.
D) Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic,
parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system
can increase heart rate.
B) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
80) Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
A) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
B) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
C) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.
D) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of
the action potential.
B) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
81) Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.
A) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
B) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
C) lacks striations
D) has more nuclei per cell
A) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
82) During the period of ventricular filling ________.
A) the atria remain in diastole
B) pressure in the heart is at its peak
C) it is represented by the P wave on the ECG
D) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV
valves into the ventricles
D) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV
valves into the ventricles
83) The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
A) ventricular ejection
B) isovolumetric relaxation
C) ventricular filling
D) isovolumetric contraction
B) isovolumetric relaxation
84) If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability
of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.
A) tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute
refractory period of cardiac muscle
B) potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate
would occur
C) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase
D) heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due
to the excess sodium present
C) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase
85) Select the correct statement about cardiac output.
A) Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.
B) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke
volume, and force of contraction.
C) Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.
D) If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end
systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased.
B) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume,
and force of contraction.
86) During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.
A) the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to
cell by gap junctions
B) calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have
been stimulated
C) the action potential is initiated by voltage- gated slow
calcium channels
D) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and
triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
D) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and
triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
87) Isovolumetric contraction ________.
A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the
ventricles are completely closed chambers
B) occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
C) occurs only in people with heart valve defects
D) occurs while the AV valves are open
A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the
ventricles are completely closed chambers
88) Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.
A) relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a
vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing
B) mild electrical shock to the heart itself
C) severe electrical shock to the body
D) loss of blood from an artery
A) relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable
interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing