Anion
Atoms made up of MORE ELECTRONS (-) than protons (+), giving them a NEGATIVE charge
Atom
Originally thought to be the smallest form of matter, but made up of a number of smaller particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons). They also have the same number of protons to electrons.
Atomic mass number
the total number of protons (+) and neutrons in an atom.
Cation
Atoms made up of MORE PROTONS (+) than electrons (-), giving them a POSITIVE charge.
Chemistry
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of substances and...the transformations that they undergo.
Compound
Two or more elements combined chemically and specific proportions of each element. Ex. table salt = the elements sodium and chlorine.
Electron
smaller than protons, they carry a NEGATIVE charge and orbit around the nucleus.
Element
A substance that is made up of only one type of atom.
Gas
A form of matter that has no definite shape, weight or size. They are often invisible.
Ion
Atoms that DO NOT have the same number of protons to electrons.
Liquid
A form of matter that doesn't have definite shape, but has a definite weight and size. Ex. drink in a 12 oz. can, 2-liter, glass, etc.
Matter
Everything we see around us, from dirt and water, to air or a spoonful of salt.
Mixture
Two or more elements that are combined physically and the amount of each element in it can vary.
Neutron
One of the principal particles in an atom. it has NO electric charge (neutral) and is found in the nucleus along with protons.
Plasma
a mysterious substance that exists in conditions of extreme heat i.e. on the sun (or stars).
Proton
One of the principal particles of an atom. It has a POSITIVE electric charge, and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Solid
A form of matter that has a definite shape, size, and weight. Ex. pencil
(4) Forms of Matter
Solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas.
Nucleus
center of the atom
electron configuration
The organization of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.
valence electrons
Electrons in the outermost (usually incomplete) shell.
kernel
The nucleus (protons & neutrons) and the electrons that are in the full (interior) shells of an atom.
Atomic Weight
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Covalent bond
a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Electron cloud
a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
Energy level
A REGION surrounding the nucleus of an atom, also called a shell. Electrons move around the nucleus in these.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond between two elements. It occurs when one atom gives electrons to the other atom, making both atoms into tons that bond with each other.
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Molecular weight
A measurement describing the heaviness of a particular combination of atoms.
Nucleus
The central core of an atom. Made up of protons and neutrons.
Periodic Table of Elements
A system of organization for the elements. Elements are placed based on their atomic number and type.
Shell
An ORBIT surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic Number
The number of protons contained in an atom. Used to identify elements.
metal
In the Periodic Table, the MOST ABUNDANT of the (3) broad categories by which elements are classified. These elements are good conductors of electricity and have a metallic sheen. They can be molded or stretched without breaking.
metalloid
In the Periodic Table, one of the (3) broad categories by which elements are classified. These are also called semimetals or semiconductors.
nonmetal
In the Periodic Table, one of the (3) broad categories by which elements are classified. In solid form, these do not gleam, are poor conductors, and tend to be fragile.
period
The name for a row in the Periodic Table. The lower this is, the higher the energy level (shell)