collision theory
states that molecules must collide in order to reeact
can a collision occur between more than one molecules or atoms?
yes
the collision theory helps explain what
it explains why chemical reactions proceeded through reaction mechanisms
most chemical reactions shows how many particles on the reactants side? what is the argument
3 or more; the argument is that according to the collision theory it is unlikely that collisions will involve more than 2 partciles. Instead the reactions proceeds through elementary steps, each which involves a collision only between two particles
effective collision
a collision which leads to the formation of products
all collisions are effective tf
false
ineffective collision
a collision that doesnt lead to the formation of products
what would happen if every collision lead to a reaction?
then all chemical reactions would have rate which are a hundred times faster
what determines whether or not a collision is effective?
the orientation and the energy of the colliding particles.,for the reaction to occur the particles must be oriented in a good position that lets the bonds to break and the atoms to rearrange otherwise the colliding molecules would just bounce off each oth
what does the collision theory require?
it requires that the particles must collide in the right position and with enough energy in order to react. energy is required to break the bonds which hold the reactants together.
potential energy
stored energy
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
what happens to the total amount of energy in a system?
it is conserved which means that no energy is lost, rather one form of energy is converted into another.
particles of matter have what kind of energy
potential and kintetic
what does the collision theory state about energy?
it states that the energy required to break bonds among the reactant particles must come from the kinetic energy of those reactant particles.
What happens during a collision?
kinetic energy is converted into potential energy as the reactant particles are deformed, bonds are broken and atoms are re-arranged.
the amount of kinetic energy in one particle depends on what?
depends on the mass and velocity...the bigger or faster the particle is the greater its kinetic energy
What did Arrhenius suggest?
particles must have a minimum amount of kinetic energy in order to react
when the reactants are higher than the products on a graph what kind reaction?
exothermic
what is the activation energy
the difference between the energy at the peak and the energy of the reactants
what is the activation energy? what hapens when particles collide with enough energy
it is the energy needed to start the reaction; when they collide then the existing bonds will be disrupted and new ones will form
raising the temperature in any equilibrium results in what>
the equilibrium shifting in the direction of the endothermic reaction
will the sign triangle H be positive or negative if the temperature is lowered?
positive if endothermic and negative if exothermic
transition state
the bried interval of bond disription and formation
what happens during the transition state
the reactants form a short lived complex which is neither the reactant not the produc, but it has characteristics of both and is known as the activated complex
is the energy the greatest where?
activated complex
symbol for activation energy; what is it
Ea; it is the energy needed to achieve the transition state and form the activated complex
why is the activated complex unstable?
because its energized by the particle collision therefore because of its high energy its unstable and will break up quickly
once formed how can the activated complex break up
it can reform the orginal bonds and separate back into the reactant particles or it can form new bonds and separate into products
what happens in the activated complex
well its the process where bonds are being made and broken
why do reactions occur at different rates?
energy; every reaction has its own activation energy
reaction rate is directly related to what?
activation energy