Of five major gaseous components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and from day to day?
Water vapor
Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant?
A. N2*
B. SO2
C. NO2
D. O3
The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine are
water and carbon dioxide.
Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter?
soot
Which color, as used in the Air Quality Index, warns that the level of a pollutant is hazardous, the most dangerous level?
maroon
Which substance is an element?
A. NO2
B. NaCl
C. N2
D. CH4
C.
Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the ________ but is a valuable protective layer in the __________.
troposphere; stratosphere
A(n) __________ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement.
molecule
Which if the following is the chemical symbol for silver?
Ag
Except in the case of hydrocarbons, when naming virtually all compounds made up of two elements, the second element mentioned
ends in "ide.
Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors?
carbon monoxide
Which is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen (N2) with oxygen (O2) to form NO?
N2 + O2 ? 2 NO
All of these pollutants can be detected by their odors except:
A. CO
B. O3
C. SOx
D. NOx
A. CO
Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to balance this equation.
____ C2H4(g) + ____ O2(g) ? ____ CO2(g) + ____ H2O(g)
1, 3, 2, 2
Catalytic converters reduce the amount of ________ in car exhaust.
CO
Which of the following are examples of technological advances that have reduced air pollution?
A. Paint with reduced VOCs
B. Catalytic converters
C. Burning gasoline in leaf blowers
D. Low sulfur Diesel fuels
A B and D
When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someone's exposure to the pollutant?
A. a person's lung capacity
B. a person's breathing rate
C. the toxicity of the pollutant
D. the concentration in air of the pollut
C.
Which is not a mixture?
A. a jar filled with rocks and sand
B. sea water
C. a glass of Kool-Aid
D. sodium chloride
D.
What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another?
the number of protons
Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere?
UV-A
The "ozone layer" is found
in the stratosphere
Light behaves like
both a particle and a wave.
In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties?
those in the same columns
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______, but different numbers of ______.
protons; neutrons
Free radicals are:
A.highly reactive chemical species.
B.species with unpaired electrons.
C.species such as H� and �OH.
D.All of these correctly describe free radicals.
D
WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that carries the station's signal?
3.21 m
Results of the Montreal protocol include:
A. greatly reduced production of CFCs.
B. increased production of alternatives to CFCs.
C. recycling of CFCs.
D. All of these choices are correct.
D.
The Montreal protocol is a
treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world
What is special about the South Pole versus the North Pole that leads to ozone depletion only at the south Pole?
Polar stratospheric clouds form almost exclusively at the South Pole.
Stratospheric ozone is destroyed and formed at the same rate
above the equator and above the Antarctic in its early fall.
The O2 molecule breaks apart at lower wavelengths than the O3 molecule. What is the main reason for this? (Hint: Draw the Lewis structures)
The average bond in O2 is shorter and stronger than that of O3
Which is/are part of the Chapman cycle in the stratosphere?
I. Ozone is removed by its reaction with water vapor.
II. Ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation.
III. Ozone reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules.
II and III only
Which statement is correct?
A. UV-A is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
B. UV-B is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
C. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
D. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C are equally energ
UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
Which is correct?
A. Ozone forms by combining an oxygen atom with an oxygen molecule.
B. There is a dynamic steady state of ozone in the stratosphere.
C. UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule.
D. All of these choice
D.
Which product of the ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition?
chlorine atoms
In Earth's atmosphere, where is the ozone layer?
stratosphere
UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 1017 s�1. What is the energy of a photon of this light?
6.63 x 10^- 17 J
What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone?
As chlorine increases, ozone decreases.
The nucleus of an atom contains
protons and neutrons only.
In the Chapman cycle, ozone formation depends upon a sufficient concentration of oxygen atoms. Which step in the Chapman cycle produces oxygen atoms?
absorption of light (? ? 242 nm) by oxygen molecules
Elements in the same column of the periodic table in the Groups labeled A tend to have similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of
_______
outer (valence) electrons.
The mass number of an isotope of an element is the
sum of the number of its protons and neutrons.
Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and
interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone.
Increasing wavelength of light goes in this order:
ultraviolet > visible > infrared.
The atomic number is the
number of protons in a nucleus.
In reference to waves, frequency is the
number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to:
A. reduce the amount of new production of chlorofluorocarbons in developed countries.
B. recycle existing chlorofluorocarbons rather than release them into the air.
C. encourage research into substitutes f
D
The speed of light in air
is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light.
Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to
increased incidences of melanomas.
harm to young marine life.
an increased occurrence of cataracts.
What is the role of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) on the destruction of ozone?
Chemical reactions occur on the clouds that convert molecules that do no damage to those that deplete ozone.