Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Physical
Properties that don't change in chemical reactions are ______ properties of matter.
Chemical
Properties that do change in chemical reactions are _______ properties of matter.
Atom
The fundamental unit of matter. Made up of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
Atomic Number
This gives the number of the Protons and Electrons.
Mass Number
The sum of the Atomic Number and the number of neutrons.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same type but with a different number of neutrons. Example: Carbon 14
Radioisotopes
Isotopes with unstable nuclei that break down over a period of time.
Compound
Substance formed by chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions.
Metals
Name for atoms with only 1 or 2 electrons in their outermost energy level. Tend to lost these and become positive. (answer is plural).
Nonmetals
Name for atoms with the outermost energy level almost full. Tend to gain more electrons and become negative ions (answer is plural).
Ionic Bond
Bond made when one atom loses electrons and another gains them.
Covalent Bond
Bond formed when atoms share one or more pair of electrons. This is how molecules are made.
Polar
A molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons is called a _______ molecule.
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same type.
Water
This is the universal solvent.
Suspension
A mixture of water and nondissolved material. Examples are blood and salad dressing.
Colloid
Where two substances disperse into each other. Liquid form is called sol and solid form is called gel.
Acid
pH below 7, has more hydrogen ions than OH- when dissolved in water.
Base
pH above 7, produces OH- (hydroxide ion) when dissolved in water.
Salt
Product from neurtalization of a base and an acid.
pH Scale
Scale of 0-14 to measure acidity or alkalinity.
Buffer
A weak acid/base that reacts with stronger ones to prevent sudden change in pH.