nonpolar covalent bond
covalent bond where electrons are shared equally
polar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
polar bond
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally
polar molecule
a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed
dipole
a molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions
van der waals forces
a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
dipole interactions
intermolecular forces resulting from the attraction of oppositely charged region of polar molecules
dispersion forces
weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in electron clouds
network solids
solids in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other
hydrogen bonds
very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule
How do electronegativity values determine the charge distribution in a polar covalent bond?
the more electronegative atom attracts electrons more strongly and gains a slightly negative charge. The less electronegative atom has a slightly positive charge.
What happens when polar molecules are between oppositely charged metal plates?
When polar molecules are placed between oppositely charged plates, they tend to become oriented with respect o the positive and negative plates
Compare the strengths of intermolecular attractions to the strengths of ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
intermolecular attractons are weaker than either ionic or covalent bonds
Explain why network solids have high melting points
Melting a network solid would require breaking covalent bonds throughout the solid
How does a network solid differ from most other covalent compounds?
Covalent compounds exist as molecules made of two or more atoms joined together. The atoms share electrons between them in a stable chemical (covalent) bond.