Atomic Orbital
Region of high probability of finding an electron
Electron Configuration
Arrangement of electrons around atomic nucleus
Pauli Exclusive Principal
Each orbital has at most two electrons
Aufbau Principal
Tendency of electrons to enter orbitals of lowest energy first
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
Proton
A positively charged subatomic particle
Electron
A negatively charged subatomic particle
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge
Nucleus
The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons
Isotopes
Atoms with the SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS, BUT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number
The TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS in a nucleus
Atomic Number
The NUMBER OF PROTONS in the nucleus of an element
Atomic Mass
THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE of the masses of the isotopes of an element
Atomic Mass Unit
ONE-TWELFTH THE MASS of a carbon atom having six protons and six neutrons
In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
The electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
In the Bohr model of the atom, an electron in an orbit has a fixed ____.
Color
How does the energy of an electron change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
It decreases
How many sublevels are in the second energy level?
2
What is the maximum number of "f" orbitals in any single energy level in an atom?
7
What is the maximum number of "d" orbitals in an energy level?
5
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the "p" sublevel
3
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy level?
8
If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?
Counterclockwise
What types of atomic orbitals are in the third energy level?
s", "p", and "d" only
When an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level, the electron____.
Absorbs a quantum of energy
What is the next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?
4s
According to the aufbau principal, ____.
Electrons enter the orbitals of lowest energy first
What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
6
If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be disturbed in the three orbitals?
One electron in each orbital
How many unpaired electrons are in a sulfur atom (atomic number 16)
2
How many half-filled orbitals are in the chlorine atom?
1
Who was the man who lived from 460 B.C.-370 B.B. and was among the first to suggest the idea of atoms?
Democritus
What was NOT among Democritus's ideas?
Atoms retain their identity in a chemical reaction
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n) ____.
Atom
Dalton's atomic theory included what idea?
Atoms of the same element are always identical
What is NOT apart of Dalton's atomic theory?
Atoms are always in motion
What was originally a tenet of Dalton's atomic theory, but had to be revised about a century ago?
Atoms are tiny indivisible particles
Dalton hypothesized that atoms are indivisible and that all atoms of an element are identical. It is now known as that ____.
Atoms are indivisible
Why did J.J Thomson reason that electrons must be a part of the atoms of all elements?
Charge-to-mass ratio of electrons was the same, regardless of the gas used.
What is true about subatomic particles?
The mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton
Who conducted experiments to determine the quantity of charge carried by an electron?
Millikan
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/1840 the mass of a hydrogen atom
What hypothesis led to the discovery of the proton?
When a neutral hydrogen atom loses an electron, a positively-charged particle should remain
What is correct concerning subatomic particles?
The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932
All atoms are ____.
Neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons
The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ____.
Protons and neutrons
As a consequence of the discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford, which model of the atom is thought to be true?
Electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the atom
The nucleus of an atom is ____.
The central core and is composed of protons and neutrons
The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
Protons
An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are ____.
76 protons and 76 electrons
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom equals to ____.
Mass number
What does the number 84 in the name krypton-84 represent?
The mass number
All atoms of the same element have the same ____.
Number of protons
Isotopes of the same element have different ____ and ____.
Numbers of neutrons and mass numbers
In what set is the symbol of the element, the number of protons, and the number of electrons given correctly?
In, 49 protons, 49 electrons
The mass number of an element is equal to ____.
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125 contain?
50 protons, 50 electrons, 75 neutrons
True or false, atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of protons?
False
If E is the symbol for an element, what two symbols represent isotopes of the same element?
20 21
E and E
11 10
What sets of symbols represents isotopes of the same element?
Can have different atomic numbers (top), but must have the same atomic mass (bottom)
How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated?
Subtract the number of protons and the mass number
How do the isotopes hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?
H-2 has one more electron than H-1
What unit is used to measure weighted average atomic mass?
amu
What equals one atomic mass unit?
One-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 amu
Why do chemists use relative mass of atoms compared to a reference isotope rather than the actual masses of the atoms?
The actual masses of atoms are very small and difficult to work with
The atomic mass of an element is the ____.
Weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of the element
The atomic mass of an element depends upon the ____.
mass and relative abundance of each isotope of that element
What is necessary to calculate the atomic mass of an element?
The masses of each isotope of the element
The petter "p" in the symbol 4p^3 indicates the ____.
Orbital shape