chemical change
a process involving one or more substances into new substances, also called a chemical reaction
chemical property
the ability or inability or a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances
chromatography
a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material
compound
a chemical combination of 2 or more different elements; can be broken down into simplier substances by chemical means and has properties different from its component elements
crystallization
a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance
distillation
a technique used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances involved
element
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simplier substances by physical or chemical means
extensive properties
a physical property that is Dependant upon the amount of substance present
filtration
uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid
gas
a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container's entire volume and is easily compressed
heterogenous mixture
one that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct
homogeneous mixture
one that has a uniform composition thorughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution
intensive properties
a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present
law of conservation of mass
states that mass in neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reacition but is conserved
law of definite proportion
states that regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass
law of multiple proportions
states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole #'s
liquid
a form of matter that flows has a constant volume and takes the shape of its container
mixture
a physical blend of 2 or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties, can be separated
percent by mass
a % determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound
periodic table
chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of rows (periods) and columns (families) arranged by increasing atomic #
physical change
alters the physical properties of a chemical but not changes its composition
solid
matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is compressible and expands only slightly when heated
solution
uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases, homogeneous mix.
states of matter
physical forms in which all matter naturally exists; solid liquid gas
substance
form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition; also known as a pure substance
vapor
gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room tempurature