Chemistry Final: ch 8

structural formula

a depiction of the arrangement of atoms in molecules

single covalent bond

a covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared

double covalent bond

a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared

coordinate covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the shared electron pairs comes from only one of the atoms

dipole interaction

a covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegatives

hydrogen bond

a type of bond that is very important in determining the properties of water

bond dissociation energy

energy needed to break a single bond between two covalently bonded atoms

polar bond

attraction between polar molecules

the ionic compound has a high melting point

What is a typical characteristic of an ionic compound

the arrangement of bonded atoms

what is shown by the structural formula of a molecule?

two atoms share two electrons (one shared pair of electrons)

how do atoms achieve noble-gas configurations in SINGLE covalent bonds?

to attain a noble-gas electron configuration

why do atoms share electrons in covalent bonds?

nitrogen

what element can form diatomic molecules by triple covalent bonds?

unshared pair

what is the name given to the pairs of valence electrons that do not participate in bonding in diatomic oxygen molecules?

coordinate covalent bond

when one atom contributes both bonding electrons in a single covalent bond, the bond is called a ______________

O

what atom acquires the most negative charge in a covalent bond with hydrogen? (C, O, Na, or S)

polar covalent

a bond formed between a silicon atom and an oxygen atom is likely to be...

hydrogen region of the molecule

When placed between oppositely charged metal plates, the region of a water molecule attracted to the negative plate is the...

motion of electrons

what is thought to cause the dispersion forces?

attraction between polar molecules

what causes dipole interactions?

bonding of a covalently bonded hydrogen atom with an unshared electron pair

what causes hydrogen bonding?

hydrogen's nucleus is electron deficient when it bonds with an electronegative atom

Why is hydrogen bonding only possible with hydrogen

7

How many valence electrons does an iodine atom have (use periodic table)

4

what is the the total number of covalent bonds normally associated with a single carbon atom in a compound?

2

How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

3

How many electrons does a nitrogen atom need to gain in order to attain a noble-gas electron configuration? (use periodic table)

2

How many unshared pairs of electrons does the nitrogen atom in ammonia posses? (NH?) (use periodic table and figure out on piece of paper)

4

how many valence electrons does carbon have? (use periodic table)

4

how many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

3

How many covalent bonds are in a covalently bonded molecule containing 1 phosphorus atom and 3 chlorine atoms?

6

how many unshared pairs of electrons are in a molecule of hydrogen iodide? (HI). (use periodic table and work out on paper)

105�

what is the bond angle in a water molecule?

neon is monoatomic because it already has 8 electrons, the noble gas configuration

why is neon monoatomic while chlorine is diatomic

in an ionic bond the electrons are transferred; in a covalent bond they are shared

describe the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.

btw know how to draw the electron dot structure of elements

btw know how to draw the electron dot structure of elements (copy paste this)

Argon, nitrogen, oxygen

Of the following, which 3 are in largest concentrations in the earths atmosphere? Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, xenon, krypton.

nonpolar

is Cl? a nonpolar covalent bond or a polar covalent bond?

polar

Is HCl a polor or nonpolar molecule?

the more energy it requires to break them apart, the more violent the reaction will be

what is the relationship between the magnitude of a molecule's bond dissociation energy and its expected chemical reactivity?

Flourine

Which atom has the greatest electonegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons

electronegativy is...