Soluble
Capable of Being Dissolved
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
Solvent
the dissolving medium in a solution
Solute
The substance dissolved in a solution
Suspension
A mixture containing particles so large that they settle out unless they are constantly agitated
Colloid
Mixtures formed by particles intermediate in size between solutions and suspensions
Electrolyte
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
Nonelectrolyte
A substances that dissolves in water to give a solution that doesn't conduct electric current
Solution Equilibrium
The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates
Saturated Solution
A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute
Unsaturated Solution
A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions
Supersaturated Solution
A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
Solubility
The amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature
Hydration
The solution process with water as the solvent
Immiscible
Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other
Miscible
Liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion
Henry's Law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
Effervescence
The rapid escape of gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved
Solvated
A solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules is said to be
Heat of Solution
The net amount of heat energy absorbed or released when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent
Concentration
a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution
Molarity
The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution
Molality
The moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Dissociation
The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
Net Ionic Equation
Includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution
Spectator Ion
Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solutions both before and after the reaction
Ionization
A process in which ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent
Hydronium
H3O+ ion
Strong Electrolyte
any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity well; this is due to the presence of all or almost all of the dissolved compounds in the form of ions
Weak Electrolyte
any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity poorly; this is due to the presence of a small amount of the dissolved compound in the form of ions
Colligative Property
Property that depends on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity
Non-volatile Substance
One that has little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions
Molal Freezing Point Constant
The freezing point depression of the solvent in a 1 molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute
Freezing point depression
the difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution of a non electrolyte in that solvent
Molal boiling point constant
the boiling point elevation of the solvent in a 1 molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute
Boiling Point Elevation
the difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution of that solvent
Semipermeable Membranes
Allow the movement of some particles while blocking the movement of others
Osmosis
The movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration
Osmotic Pressure
The external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis