amplitude
wave heigh from zero to the crest
wavelength
represented by (lambda), is the distance between the crests
frequency
represented by v (nu), is the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time
hertz
cycles per second
electromagnetic radiation
includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, and gamma rays
spectrum
the different frequencies that separate when sunlight passes through a prism
periodic law
When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
metals
good conductors of heat and electric current
nonmetals
poor conductors of heat and electric current
alkali metals
the ashes
halogens
salt + to be born
noble gases
non metals sometimes called inert gases
representative elements
display a wide range of physical and chemical properties
transition metal
group B elements, copper, silver, gold, and iron. characterized by the presence of electrons in d orbitals
inner transition metal
characterized by f orbitals that contain electrons
atomic radius
one half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined
cation
an ion with a positive charge
anion
an ion with a negative charge
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
electronegativity
the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound