What were the three national Schools of the Opera found in the 19th century
French
Italian
German
Lyric opera
Type of French opera
Features tragic love
Melodious
Nationalism
19th-century meant that stressed national identity composers tried to create a national sound
Transcription
Translating a piece of music from one medium to another
Leitmotives
Musical phrases associated with an objects, characters, events, thoughts, feelings
List 5 operas by Giuseppe Verdi
Aida
Rigoletto
Il trovotore
Otello
Falstaff
Pentatonic scale
Five note scale -any five
Whole-tone scale
Scale separated by whole steps
Octatonic scale
8 note musical scale
Alternates WHWHWH
What are the characteristics of melodies found in 20th-century classical music
More wide range of beats, melodies more erratic, unexpected notes, irregular rhythm
Polyrhythms
Different meters sounding simultaneously
Expressionism
Artistic and musical movement focusing on extreme emotions. Example, fear and anguish
Twelve-tone system
20th-century composition technique in which the composer uses all 12 notes but puts them in a strict order that can't be changed
Sprechstimme
Technique of singing, halfway between talking and singing
Total serialism
Strict organization of them all musical elements of a musical composition by arranging them into series
Postmodernism
Cultural movement of the last part of the 20th century, involving juxtaposition of past and present, popular and refined, Western and non-Western styles
Syncopation
Singing bowls that are not associated with words. Improvised
Ragtime
Early jazz in which the popular Melody is highly syncopated, usually in duple meter and March tempo
Dixieland Jazz
New Orleans Jazz
Many lines interweaving in a complex but organized way
Swing
1930s to 1940s
Usually played by large fans (15 to 20 musicians) popular dance music
Bebop
Form of jazz that developed in the 1940s for small condos, with harder, or improvisatory music. More for listening than dancing
Cool jazz
Sub category of bop
Less frantic- more subdued
Longer pieces
Fusion
1970s & 1980's
Music combining elements of jazz and rock
Electric instruments used
What are the 3 most important elements found in popular music?
Lyrics
Rhythm
Melody
What and who were early influences on rock and roll?
Rhythm and blues- early influence (Muddy Water singer)
Rock a billy- country
Early Elvis, Chuck Berry
According to the textbook "with the advent of the Beatles in the early 1960's, the character of popular music changed in 3 fundamental ways" what were these 3?
Rock music went international
Every rock group developed its own identifiable look and sound
Each group becomes self contained with specific personnel (each member has its own identity)
List 5 styles popular in the 1960's
Motown
Surf songs
Folk
Country
Rock
British blues revival
Romantic composers
Franz Liszt
Giuseppe Verdi
Richard Wagner
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Johannes Brahms
Gustav Mahler
20th century composers
Claude Debussy
Igor Stravinsky
Arnold Schoenberg
Charles Ives
Aaron Copland
John Cage
Popular artists in the 50's
Chuck berry
Elvis Presley
Artists popular in the 60's
The Beatles
Bob Dylan
Jimi Hendrix
The beach boys