general characteristics of classic music (include dates)
- 1750-1800
- focus on balance and proportion, clarity, and accessability
-background music
-melody and accompaniment
chamber music
small group of musicians
-duos, trios, quartets, quintets
string quartet (list instruments)
2 violin
viola
cello
comic opera
simpler, light, down to earth characters happy ending
last few years of Motzart's life he composed five operas. Yudkin lists three. what are these three?
Marriage of Fiegro
Don Giovanni
Magic flute
describe the three phases of Beethoven's creative output
1. 1792-1802: composed symphony 1&2
2. Heroic phase: 1802-1812: symphony 3-8. The length of symphonies got longer and he found out he was deaf.
3. 1820-1827: 9th symphony
Through-composed songs
music is different for each stanza
song cycle
composers ling together a group of songs
may present a series of songs that are woven togehter to make a narriative
mazurka
polish folk dance notibly by Chopin
nocturine
moody, introspective pieces
ABA pattern
Rubato
robbed" - Chopin
player keeps the tempo going in the accompaniment while the melody slows down slightly before catching up a moment later.
can suggest the kind of expressive freedom
symphonic poem
a piece of orchestral or concert band music, usually in a single continuous section (a movement) that illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.
orchestration
study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble) or of adapting for an orchestra music composed for another medium.
Henry Purcell
Baroque
Antonio Vivaldi
Baroque
Johann Sebastian Bach
Baroque
George Frideric Handel
Baroque
Franz Joseph Haydn
Classical
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Classical
Franz Schubert
classical
Hector Berlioz
Romantic
Feliz Mendelssohn
romantic
Fryderyk Chopin
romantic
Robert Schumann
romantic
what is the secret of Beethoven's style according to Yudkin?
the way he justaposes strong and tender passages within the same work
orchestration
the technique of manipulating orchestral sounds
-sound is a matter of how an orchestra is used
-large orchestra can be used to produce a different range of instruments
symphonic poem
relatively short or chestral work in 1 continuous movement, though it may fall into contrasting sections
classic vs. romantic (orchestra)
classic: 25-30 players
romantic: 60 or more players
classic vs. romantic (tempo)
classic: slow or fast, few changes
romantic: greater extremes of tempo - more changeable within a movement
classic vs. romantic (expression)
classic: rarely indicated
romantic: often indicated
classic vs. romantic (melody)
classic: short, balanced
romantic: longer, more variety
general characteristics of Baroque music (include dates)
- 1600-1750
- organization, balance, order
- regular metric organization (regular beat)
- major and minor scales
- strong baseline
opera
-stories told through music, origanny about mythological characters but became more about real life in the classical era
- includes music, dancing, costumes and stage craft
cantata
short, unstaged opera in a single scene
concertos
1 instrument vs a whole orchestra
a few instruments against a full orchestra
sonatas
a piece for a chamberwork - smaller group of instruments
chorale
protestant hymn sung in unison by the entire congregation
simple melody and regular rhythm
oratorio
sacred, unstaged dramatic work (opera) based on a religous theme
(similar to a cantata but longer)
passion
(similar to oratorio)
unstaged opera. describes gospel accounts of last days of Jesus
basso continuo
small groups of instruments - harpischord and low strings.
provides support for piece
ritornello
short orchestra passage that recurs throughout a piece section of music that occurs over and over again
solo sonata
single instrument in basso continuo (harpisichord and low string)
trio sonata
2 instruments in basso continuo
opera seria
- italian baroque form of opera in 3 axe conventional plots and alternating recitative arias
- serious opera
- standard plot
prelude
-free improvisatory work or movement BEFORE the organ
fugue
highly organized contrapuntal work featuring a theme or subject that occurs in all voices in turn