idea of "art for art's sake" born of the
Romantic spirit
important changes that occurred in audience during the romantic period
-music transformed from entertainment to art
-composer seen a demigod
-certain works deemed worthy of continued performance
-concerts no longer social events but musical experiences
The character piece is a brief work that lasts only a minuet of two, sought to capture the essence of one single mood, sentiment, or emotion, usually written for piano, often made use of simple binary or ternary form, frequently provided with a title, suc
The Monumental and Miniature
melodic style of the romantic period
melodies turned into popular songs, tend to be more singable songs
celebrated violin virtuoso whose amazing technical abilities on the instrument led to all sorts of fanciful and lurid rumors
paganini
member of "The Mighty Handful" or Russian Five, a group of composers who rejected the influence of Western music
Modest Musorgsky
became a piano virtuoso and moved to Leipzig to study music. damaged his right hand. ingenious music critic, created fictional characters to introduce new music to readers
Robert Shumann
child piano prodigy made her debut in Leipzig at age eleven and had a concert tour in Europe; called "Royal and Imperial Chamber Virtuosa
Clara Shumann
the term for instrumental music that is free of a text or any preexisting program
Absolute music
The genre of composition, the program symphony, consists of three, four, or five movements that
tell or depict a succession of specific events drawn from some extra-musical work or story
Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain, and Strauss's Thus Spoke Zarathustra are all examples of
the program symphony.
a low-sounding oboe
The English Horn
Known for an iconoclastic musical style, call for an enormous number of musicians, is still used as a textbook in music conservatories around the world.
the compositions of Berlioz
ballet associated with Christmas
Tchaikovsky's ballet, The Nutcracker
composer who graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music, was appointed professor of harmony and musical composition at the newly formed Moscow Conservatory. travel extensively in Europe and America.
Tchaikovsky
moved to Paris where he found success and was accepted into the social circle of the rich and powerful. His introverted personality and poor health (tuberculosis) made public performances difficult experiences, but he played at private musical evenings (m
Frederic Chopin
The genre of piano music that suggests moonlit nights, romantic longing, and a certain painful melancholy
the Nocturne
established the format of the modern-day piano recital: playing entirely from memory as well as placing the instrument parallel to the stage.
The composer Franz Liszt
the most celebrated composer in Europe during the 1820s, far exceeding even Beethoven in fame. This was because opera was the most popular form of musical entertainment.
Gioachino Rossini
the most popular opera composer in Europe and even today his operas are performed more than those by any other composer
Verdi
The two characters that have the leading roles in Verdi's opera La traviata are
Alfredo, and Violetta
the composer who created an operatic tradition that was distinct to Germany but was exiled from Germany and its opera houses, and he lived in Switzerland for twelve years, where he began work on his massive Der Ring des Nibelungen
Richard Wagner
the operatic term that describes a melodic gesture associated with a person, object, or idea
Leitmotif
the most important aspect of a Wagnerian music drama
The orchestra
The typical subject matter of realistic opera is
everyday life
the composer who wrote Carmen, was a flop because Parisian audiences thought the subject matter too degrading, though now it is considered the world's most popular opera
Bizet
Puccini's most famous opera
la boheme
la bohemes focus
focus is on the glorious sound of the human voice
a modern adaptation of la boheme, but the protagonist dies of AIDS in Greenwich Village, rather than of tuberculosis in Paris
the musical "Rent