Music Appreciation Chapters 22-34

Give the dates of the Romantic Period.

1820-1900

List 5 characteristics of Romantic music.

Melodies more flowing and passionate, harmonies richer, rhythm is treated more freely, changes in dynamic level more frequent, richer tonal quality, works are longer, element of contrast.

Give the 2 names of the genre featuring a musical setting of a poem for voice and piano.

Art song or Lied.

What is the term for the form without repetition?

Through-composed.

Which Viennese early Romantic composer of over 600 songs died at age 31?

Schubert

Which German early Romantic composer of oratorios was responsible for reviving the music of Bach, and also had a talented sister named Fanny?

Mendelssohn.

What is the term for short free-form works including stylized dances?

Character pieces.

Which Polish/French early Romantic composer of almost exclusively piano music had a relationship with George Sand?

Chopin.

Which Italian early Romantic composer/violinist was the 1st great virtuoso, and was rumored to have made a pact with the Devil?

Paganini.

Which Hungarian Romantic composer/pianist was influenced by Paganini, and was one of the first to give solo recitals?

Liszt.

Which German early Romantic composer/pianist of piano music and Lieder went insane, and had a famous pianist wife Clara?

Schumann.

What is the term for the instrumental introduction (in sonata form) to an opera?

Overture.

Which Russian late Romantic composer of symphonies and ballets never met his patron?

Tchaikovsky.

What are the 2 names for a long 1-movement programmatic free-form orchestral work?

Concert overture, sonata overture.

What is the term for a multi-movement tone poem?

Program symphony.

What is the French term for the recurrent theme with programmatic association?

Idee fixe.

Which French Romantic composer of programmatic orchestral works also authored a book on orchestration?

Berlioz.

What genre combines dance, programmatic music, and mythological/fantasy stories?

Ballet.

What national opera style, known as bel canto, was inherited from Mozart, and focuses on beautiful, impressive arias?

Italian

What is the term for Wagner's version of ide fixe taken to a further extent?

Leitmotiv

What did Wagner call his attempt at the ideal combination of all arts?

Music drama

Which German Romantic opera composer was self-taught and a political activist?

Wagner

Which national style begun by Weber features Nordic mythology and a heavier sound?

German

Which 2nd generation Italian Romantic opera composer used plots w/verismo?

Puccini

Which Italian Romantic composer of successful operas was a national hero?

Verdi

What did some late Romantic composers retain from the Classical period?

Traditional forms

Which Bohemian (Czeck) late Romantic composer was friends w/Brahms, and exhibits a folk music influence?

Dvorak

Which German late Romantic composer studied w/Schumann and destroyed his compositional sketches?

Brahms

What is the name of the movement to develop art unique to ones country?

Nationalism

Which Bohemian (Czeck) late Romantic composer of programmatic works became deaf?

Smetana

Which Russian late Romantic composer had a drinking problem, left many unfinished works, but was very original?

Mussorgsky

List 5 characteristics of Impressionism?

Stressed informality, rarely carried moral or message, fond of nature and commonplace scenes,, attempt at catching something incomplete/of the moment/sensation, based on belief that experiences are impressions not observetions, lighter timbre and tone,subtle tonal colors, subtle and blurred rhythm, weaker tonal center, sensual.

Which French Impressionist composer had a great dislike of the German style?

Debussy

Who was the most well-known 2nd generation French Impressionist composer?

Ravel

Which style attempted to prolong the Romantic style w/even larger, longer works?

Impressionism

Which Russian Post-romantic pianist/composer is known for his solo piano works and piano concertos?

Rachmaninoff

List 4 musical characteristics of 20th Century music?

Rhythm more important, melodies less important, dissonance used, synthesized sounds and effects, formal patterns not as important, pancultural and panhistorical.

Which Hungarian 20th C composer collected and borrowed from Hungarian folk music?

Bartok.

Which Russian composer of anti-Communist works wrote 15 symphonies?

Shostakovich

Which style is the opposite of impressionism, favoring dark, morose subjects?

Expressionism.

What is the term for the eerie sounding hybrid of speech and singing?

Sprechstimme.

Which style features an interest in the music and art of primitive cultures?

Primitivism.

Which Russian composer of many styles (Neoclassical, Primitivism, Jazz) wrote for Ballet Russe and studied w/Rimsky-Korsakov?

Stravinsky.

What is the term for music that is in two different keys simultaneously?

Bitonal.

Which Viennese atonal composer invented the tone row and taught in the US?

Schoenberg.

Which style features a reinterest in the Classical style, old forms, and counterpoint?

Neoclassicism.

Which Russian Neoclassical composer studied w/Rimsky-Korsakov?

Prokofiev.

Which style features no key or tonal center?

Atonal.

Which style features equal use of the 12 pitches, ensuring atonality?

Tone row.

Which style features very loose performance instructions, and is based on existential and Asian philosophies?

Aleatory music.

What is the term for electronic music featuring actual recorded sound, which is then manipulated electronically (as opposed to sound that is produced electronically)?

Musique concrete.

What term is given to music that features a combination of diverse styles?

Eclecticism.