Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1896, the Supreme Court case declared that segregation in public facilities constitutional provided the facilities was equal for whites and blacks. (separate but equal)
Jim Crow Laws
This law was used extensively in southern states that established local segregation laws such as buses, trains, schools, swimming pools, for example.
Brown v. Board of Ed. Topeka, Kansas
In 1954, the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and violated the clause of the 14th amendment.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, African Americans made their first major protest of the Civil Rights Movement by refusing to ride in public transportation because they refused to sit at the back of the bus.
Martin Luther King Jr.
This man used a tactic of non-violence during the Civil Rights Movement.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
This organization aimed to advance the cause of civil rights in the United States of America but in a non-violent manner, which was established in 1957 by MLK and other ministers.
Little Rock Nine
In 1957, nine African-American students, for the first time, were admitted to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
sit-in
This civil rights protest started in 1960, when four young African American students wanted to eat at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
This organization sought to coordinate youth-led nonviolent, direct-action campaigns against segregation and other forms of racism. Its members played an integral role in sit-ins, Freedom Rides, the 1963 March on Washington, and such voter education proje
Freedom Riders
These riders were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a U.S. civil rights group, departed from Washington, D.C., and attempted to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the Deep South.
March on Washington
A massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by Africa
Lyndon B. Johnson
This president signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
24th Amendment
Many southern states made people pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax. On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified this amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.
Watts Riot
In 1964 riots started in the African-American neighborhoods of Los Angeles because of the unjust treatment of police.
Kerner Commission
Not implicated
Chicago Movement (t or f)
Overall, it was unsuccessful
Black Power Movement (fill in)
Physical self defense and even violence were acceptable in defense of one's freedom
Malcolm X (fill in)
credited with being the founder and became a symbol of the Black Power Movement
Nation of Islam (fill in)
Preached black nationalism
How did white southerners act in response to the Civil Rights Movement? (short answer)
4 ways (sit-ins, boycotts, protests, riots)
Why were African Americans frustrated with non-violent Civil Rights Movement?
It failed to change their economic status and lifestyle
Black Panthers (fill in)
Believed that a revolution was necessary in the U.S.