Plessy v. Ferguson
separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws
Greensboro Sit-ins
Black students politely order food from restaurant, not served, sat in place for days, gathering supporters. successful.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the v
Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
a national protest group organized for black college students
Freedom Ride
1961 protest by activists who rode buses through southern states to test their compliance with the ban on segregation on interstate buses
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
de facto
in fact
de jure
by law
Medicare
A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older
Medicade
the government insurance program for low-income individuals & familys that is funded both by the federal government & each individual state
Warren Court
the chief justice that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in Brown v. Board of Education (1954); he was the first justice to help the civil rights movement, judicial activism
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
deficit spending
Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
Freedom Summer
1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi
Twenty-fourth Amendment
The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections.
Black Panthers
A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
Thurgood Marshall
American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
Earl Warren
Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes.
Martin Luther King Jr.
Leader of the civil rights movement
Rosa Parks
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement
James Meredith
The first African American student at the University of Mississippi.
Medgar Evers
NAACP leader in Mississippi, who was assassinated in Jackson, Mississippi in 1963
Barry Goldwater
Republican candidate for President in 1964, and initial leader of the conservative movement
Malcolm X
First black american radical leader