Unit 7 IDs Quiz #2

United Nations (UN)

D: An organization of nations created after WWII to promote peace and international cooperation.
HI: Unlike the League of Nations after WWI, the US joined the UN out of a desire to avoid another world war and because US sovereignty was preserved through a

containment

D: prevent the spread of communism
HI: US policy in the Truman, Eisenhower, JFK, and LBJ administrations; rejected by Nixon in pursuit of d�tente and by Reagan in favor of rollback.

Marshall Plan (1948)

D: Containment policy in which US provided money to rebuild European economies after WWII because the lack of food, jobs, etc. was making communism more popular
HI:
i. Western European economies recovered and communism declined
ii. As Western Europeans be

Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948)

D: Containment policy in which US provided money to rebuild European economies after WWII because the lack of food, jobs, etc. was making communism more popular
HI:
i. Western European economies recovered and communism declined
ii. As Western Europeans be

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

D: Collective security agreement between US, Canada, and western European countries
HI:
i. Historic departure from the traditional US foreign policy
ii. Soviets respond with their own collective security agreement for Eastern Europe: Warsaw Pact

Korean War (1950-1953)

D: North Korean government established by the USSR invaded South Korea, which had a government established by the US. US pushed the North out of the South. Despite Chinese warnings not to invade the North, the US invaded in an attempt to unify Korea; US p

Second Red Scare/McCarthyism

D: Widespread fear of communist infiltration of the US that followed WWII
HI: Repression of political dissenters as well as fear of the repercussions (job loss, prison) of being seen as a communist sympathizer or spy resulted in the consensus and conformi

massive retaliation/mutually assured destruction (MAD)

D: Eisenhower's strategy to contain communism in which the US promised that any Soviet attack on America or one of its allies would be countered by a nuclear assault on the Soviet Union. Goal was to deter Soviet aggression by upping the stakes (i.e. mutua

domino theory

D: Belief that the loss of one country to communism would inevitably lead to the loss of others, potentially the US and the whole world
HI: Fear led to US involvement in Vietnam

sputnik (1957)

D: Soviets launch first satellite into space causing Americans to fear that the Soviets were ahead in the race to develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)
HI: To close the gap, federal government created NASA and provided funding for science, m

military-industrial complex

D: Large arms industry that relies on government spending for profit has an incentive to lobby the government for more defense spending leading to greater deficits and increased likelihood of war
HI: President Eisenhower warned about it in his Farewell Ad

Brown v. Board of Education (1955)

D: Supreme Court declared school segregation an unconstitutional violation of the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause because dividing children even when done equally stigmatizes one group as inferior
HI:
i. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson but ONLY in

Little Rock Nine (1957)

D: Arkansas governor called out the National Guard to prevent the court-ordered integration of Little Rock's Central High School. Eisenhower sent in the army to escort nine black children into school and to guard them throughout the school year.
HI: examp

Rosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)

D: Following Rosa Parks arrest for refusing to surrender her seat on a city bus to a white rider, the black community of Montgomery boycotted public transportation until the law was changed.
HI: Turning point in civil rights movement marking shift from le

Peace Corps

D: JFK's program to send young American volunteers to developing nations to provide education and economic assistance
HI: Goal to win competition for Third World against Soviet Union

Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)

D: US plot to overthrow Fidel Castro of Cuba; CIA trained anti-Castro exiles to invade Cuba where it was believed they would set off a popular uprising; failed
HI: Pushed Cuba closer to Soviet Union and led to installation of nuclear missiles in Cuba by t

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

D: In response to Cuba's plea for help, Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles in Cuba where they could hit any US target. JFK demanded Soviets remove missiles or the US would; blockade/quarantine island to prevent arrival of any new missiles; if any mis

Freedom Rides (1961)

D: To pressure JFK to enforce Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation on interstate transportation, a biracial group rode buses throughout the South in violation of local segregation laws. The goal was to provoke segregationists into an ugly reaction

Civil Rights Act of 1964

D: Outlawed racial and gender discrimination in public facilities and employment
HI:
i. Ended Jim Crow (legal/de jure segregation)
ii. Alienated South from the Democratic Party
iii. Result of pressure from Civil Rights Movement (Birmingham Protest, March

Great Society

D: Johnson's domestic program consisting of the War on Poverty, Elementary and Secondary Education Act (provided federal funding for education; ? federal power b/c traditional area of state power), Immigration Act (ended discriminatory quota system; ? imm

War on Poverty

D: LBJ's attempt to eradicate poverty through many federal programs, such as Head Start (early childhood education), food stamps, Medicare (health care for elderly) and Medicaid (health care for poor)
HI:
i. Cut poverty rate nearly in half but did not era

Voting Rights Act of 1965

D: Provided federal oversight of elections in areas with a history of disfranchisement and outlawed literacy tests
HI:
i. Provided African Americans with an effective right to vote
ii. Along with Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided African Americans with le

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)

D: authorized president to take all necessary measures to repel an armed attack on US forces in Vietnam
HI: Enables LBJ to escalate US involvement in Vietnam; not a declaration of war

counterculture

D: 1960s youth rejection of the values and behavior of mainstream American culture�clothing, hairstyles, sexual conduct, work, music, etc. It was due to feelings of alienation caused by the cultural conformity of the 1950s as well as decline in deference

Malcolm X

D: Black civil rights leader who advocated self-reliance and separatism, racial pride, and achieving justice by any means necessary.
HI:
i. Intellectual father of the black power movement
ii. Scared whites who believed he endorsed violence

Tet Offensive (1968)

D: During a truce to observe Tet (lunar new year) North Vietnamese and southern rebels launched a surprise attack overrunning the major cities of the South and nearly the US embassy in the South's capital of Saigon.
HI:
i. Although the US won the battle,

Election of 1968

D: Turbulence of the 1960s reached a climax in this election year when momentous events succeeded each other so rapidly that the foundations of society seemed to be dissolving�Tet Offensive, LBJ drops out of race for Democratic nomination, MLK assassinate