function of male reproductive system
produce, store and deliver sperm
scrotum
2 lobes, multilayer sac enclosing testes
function of scrotum
- protection and support of testes- thermoregulation
4 layers of a scrotum
skin, tunica dartos, scrotal fascia, parietal vaginal tunic
innervated
has a nerve supply
scrotal fascia
connective tissue
tunica dartos
smooth muscle which lines scrotal wall; changes scrotal surface area; moves testes away or towards each other
parietal vaginal tunic
Thick outer layerForms a fibrous sac around each testis and spermatic cord
testis
male reproductive organ that produces sperm, hormones and proteins and fluid
visceral vaginal tunic
lies directly on the testes, epididymis, and ductus deferens
tunica albuginea
white fibrous capsule on testes
parenchyma (cortex)
outer region of the testis
seminiferous tubules
Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm and hormones in the testes; home of sertoli cells
sertoli cells
support spermatogenesis
interstitial cells of leydig
produce testosterone
mediastinum (medulla)
where seminiferous tubules dump into
rete testis
network of tubules between the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis
Epididymis
A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm is stored and matured
caput (head)
no motility or fertility
corpus (body)
little motility and fertility
cauda (tail)
motile, fertile sperm stored until sexual stimulation and ejaculation
ductus (vans) deferens
- begins at end of epididymis- surrounded by thick smooth muscle
spermatic cord
- connect through inguinal ring- provides passageway- protects testes-thermoregulation
cremaster muscle
elevates or suspends testes to control temp
pampiniform plexus
a network of testicular veins that drain the testes and absorb body heat from the testes and scrotum
ampulla
dilated portion of vas deferens; where the 2 vas deferens join to form single tube
urethra
duct that carriers semen (ampulla) and urine (ureter) outside the body through the penis
accessory sex glands
-seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands- produce seminal fluid
seminal fluid
- sperm delivery- maintains sperm viability- slight alkaline pH
seminal vesicles
-two small glands that secretes majority of seminal fluid-released by smooth muscle-site of fructose synthesis and secretion-semenogelin
semenogelin
the main protein that causes coagulation of semen after ejaculation
prostate gland
-secretes alkaline fluid (odor)-contains Zn2+. citric acid and proteolytic enzymes-base of bladder-drain into urethra-androgen dependentonly ASG k9s have
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland
-covered by smooth muscle-seminal fluid-androgen dependentgel plug in rodents and boars
three parts of penis
base, shaft, glans penis
base
-root/bulb-attached to ischial arch
shaft
main portion
glans
specialized free end
two types of penis(based on erection)
-fibroelastic-vascular
Fibroelastic penis
-sigmoid flexure and retractor penis muscles-limited erectile tissue
vascular penis
erectile tissue
retractor penis muscles
-pair of smooth muscles-originates from vertebrae-holds and extends penis inside/outside sheath
corpus cavernosum penis
Larger of the two penile erectile tissues; dorsal to the urethra
corpus spongiosum penis
erectile tissue surrounding the urethra in the penis