Quickening
first movement felt by the mother at 18 to 20 weeks and peaks at 28 to 38 weeks
Sandovsky method
method where mom lies on left recumbent position after a meal & record the no. of fetal movements in 1 hour
10
average of fetal movement per hour
Fetal Kick Count
mom records time interval it takes to feel 10 movements (usually within 60 minutes)
Cardiff method
other term for Fetal Kick Count test
120-160 bpm
normal fetal heart rate
Rhythm Strip Testing
test for good baseline rate & presence of long and short-term viability
Rhythm Strip Testing
in this fetal test, Semi-Fowler's position is done to prevent supine hypotension & for comfort-mother remains in a fairly fixed position for 20 mins
Rhythm Strip Testing
external fetal heart rate & uterine contraction monitors are attached abdominally
Rhythm Strip Testing
in this fetal test, tocotransducer over fundus-measures contractions & feel movement -ultrasound transducer over abdominal site where FHR is distinct
short-term variability
small changes in rate from second to second if fetal Parasympathetic NS receives adequate O2 & nutrients
short-term variability
aka beat-to-beat variability
long term variability
differences in heart rate over the 20-minute period
Non-stress test
measures the response of the FHR to fetal movement
Non-stress test
in this fetal test, woman is positioned & monitors are attached just like the rhythm strip test
10-20 minutes
NST is done for how many minutes?
Reactive
response with 2 accelerations of FHR (by 15 beats or more) lasting for 15 seconds, occur after movement within the chosen time period
nonreactive
no accelerations with the fetal movement, no movement, low short-term FHR variability (<6bpm) throughout the testing period
vibroacoustic stimulation
a specially-designed acoustic stimulator is applied to the mother's abdomen to produce a sharp sound (80 decibels at a frequency of 80 Hz), STARTLING & WAKENING the fetus
contraction stress testing
in this test, FHR is analyzed in conjunction with contractions (NIPPLE STIMULATION)
contraction stress testing
in this test, baseline FHR is obtained then woman rolls nipple until contraction begins-recorded by a uterine monitor
contraction stress testing
in this test, there are 3 contractions lasting for 40 sec or more in a 10-minute window
normal
result of CST with no FHR decelerations with the contractions
abnormal
result of CST with 50% or more of contractions cause late decelerations
early deceleration
begins on or after onset of contraction & ends when contractions ends; due to head compression during labor
late deceleration
begin after onset & peak of UC & ends after contraction; due to uteroplacental insufficiency
variable deceleration
u, w, or v shape, unrelated to contraction; due to cord compression
ultrasonography
test used to diagnose a pregnancy
ultrasonography
test used to confirm presence, location, size of placenta & amniotic fluid
ultrasonography
test used to establish fetal growth & r/o abnormalities, sex
ultrasonography
used to establish presentation & position of fetus
ultrasonography
predict maturity via the measurement of biparietal diameter of the headalso discovers complications of pregnancy
biparietal diameter
side-to-side measurement of the fetal head via ultrasound -also tests for femoral length
2500 g (5.5 lbs)
if biparietal diameter is 8.5 cm or greater, infant will weigh more than?
40 weeks
biparietal diameter of 8.5 cm indicates fetal age of?
34.5 cm
head circumference of a 40-week old fetus
Haase's Rule
determines length of fetus in cm
Doppler Umbilical Velocimetry
measures velocity at which RBC's in the blood volume are flowing
Doppler Umbilical Velocimetry
helps determine vascular resistance in women with Diabetes Mellitus & Hypertension of pregnancy
Doppler Umbilical Velocimetry
helps determine whether placental insufficiency occured
Placental Grading
based on the amount of Ca deposits in the base of the placenta (via UTZ)
0
placental grade (12 to 24 weeks)
1
placental grade (30 to 32 weeks)
2
placental grade (36 weeks)
3
placental grade (38 weeks & fetal lungs are mature)
amniotic fluid
a decrease in this puts the fetus at risk for compression of the umbilical cord with interference of nutrition as well as lack of room to exercise and maintain muscle tone
20 weeks
how many weeks of gestation will the vertical diameter of the largest pocket of AF on each side is measured in cm?
amniotic fluid index
sum of two measurements (dividing into 4 quadrants using linea nigra & umbilicus as the dividing lines & vertical diameter in each pocket is measured)
12-15 cm
normal AFI between 28 to 40 weeks
hydramnios
AFI is >20 to 24 cm (inability of fetus to swallow)
oligohydramnios
AFI is <5 to 6 cm (decreased AF may be due to poor perfusion & kidney failure)
Electrocardiography
may be recorded as early as 11th week of pregnancy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
used to diagnose complications like ectopic pregnancy-no harmful effects to fetus
Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein
levels begin to rise at 11 weeks gestation and then steadily increase until term
Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein
there is high level in this in open spinal or abdominal defect because open defect allows more AFP to appear
Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein
low in Down syndrome
Alpha-fetoprotein
a substance produced by the fetal liver that can be found in both amniotic fluid and maternal serum
Triple Screening
analysis of 3 indicators (MSAFP, unconjugated estriol, hCG)
Triple Screening
test that requires only venipuncture of the mother
15-20 weeks
how many weeks of the pregnancy is TRIPLE SCREENING done?
Quadruple screening
test that requires INHIBIN determination
MSAFP, unconjugated estriol, hCG
indicators of Triple Screening
MSAFP, unconjugated estriol, hCG, inhibin A
indicators of Quadruple Screening
15th week
week where MSAFP is assessed