What do maps allow us to do?
to view, interact, modify, and show location
spatial
space on the Earth's surface; a synonym for geographic.
map
a visual representation that stores information
Reference map
locating and navigatingstores general information
political map
political boundariescountries, states, etc, and their names
physical map
natural featuresmountains, rivers, climate, etc.
road map
Shows roads and highways
plat map
focuses on a smaller arealand ownership and property lines
thematic map
statistical/informational mappresented in themes/patterns
choropleth map
shows location and distribution of spatial datadifferent colorsin percents/amounts
Dot Distribution Map
frequency and distribution of somethingshown in dots
graduated symbol map
shows the amount of something and locationdifferent sized symbols
isoline map
shows constant valuesuses lines to connect points of equal value
Cartogram Map
shows statistical informationsizes of spatial area are distorted to represent amounts
scale
sizes of things in the real world compared to a mapin ratios or words
location
where something is or where its occuring
absolute location
precise locationlatitude & longitude (numerical terms)
latitude
imaginary lines that run east to west, parallel to the equator
longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian
relative location
where something is in relation to other thingsconnectivity and accessibility
direction
description of where things are in relation to each othercardinal directions
distance
measurement of how close/far things are to one anotherfeet, miles, hours, minutes
absolute distance
exact distance between two or more placesmeasured in terms of feet, miles, meters, or kilometers
relative distance
nearness based on time or costmeasured in time and how you are travelling
Distribution
how a pattern is spread over an arealocation, quantity
Projection
putting a 3D object on a 2D surface
Mercator Projection
used for navigationdirections shown accurately, latitude and longitude, distortion by poles
Peters Projection
true proportions of countriesaccurate sizes of land masses, inaccurate shapes.
conic projection
general use in mid-latitude countriescurved, size and shape are accurate
Robinson Projection
general useoval shape (flat globe), minimal distortion