Chapter 1 The Study of Life

Biology

The study of life

Organism

A living thing that has or had all the characteristics of life

organization

orderly structure shown by living things

growth

the process of increasing in physical size.

development

the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism

Reproduction

the production of offspring

Species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Stimulus

A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react

response

a reaction to a stimulus

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Adaptation

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

Science

An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.

Theory

an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time

law

describes relationships under certain conditions in nature

peer review

A process by which the procedures and results of an experiment are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research.

Ethics

A system of moral principles.

Observation

The act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way.

Inference

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.

Scientific Method

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.

Hypothesis

testable explanation of a situation

experiment

investigating a phenomenon in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis

control group

the group that does not receive the experimental treatment/variable - used for comparison

experimental group

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment/variable or the factor being tested.

independent variable

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

dependent variable

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

constant

A value that does not change during an experiment

Data

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

metric system

The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass. Measured units are in division that are powers of 10

SI units

International System of Units - used universally in science