Sagital
divides your left from your right
Frontal
front from your back
transverse
Divides body into upper and lower parts
anterior
front of the body
ventral
belly side
posterior
back of the body
dorsal
toward the back
superior
toward the head
inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
cranial
head
cuadial
closer to the buttocks
human anatomy
the study of the structure of the human body
Human Physiology
the study of the functions of the human body
sagittal plane
divides body into left and right
midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal right and left sides
body erect
Palms, Arms, and Hands face forward
Standard Anatomical Position
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from body
medial
toward the midline
Lateral
away from the midline
proximal
Closer to the point of attachment (trunk)
distal
away from the point of attachment (trunk)
superficial
near the surface
deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
Intermeidate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
cranal cavity
contains the brain
spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord
anterior body cavity
consists of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities; protects the internal organs; also called ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity
contains heart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
oral cavity
mouth
nasal cavity
nose
orbital cavity
eyes
middle ear cavity
contains bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations
Integrumentary system
layer of skin that helps protect you, get ride of waste, and control body temperature
skeletal system
consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments.supports the body, provides framework for organs, creates blood cells
Muscular System
consists of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles that pumps the heart, moves material in the digestive system, and moves the body
nervous system
consists of your brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors which receives sensory inputs that helps with directing body movements, include memory, emotions, and cognition
special sensory
eyes, ears, organs of smell and taste; enables vision, hearing, smell, and taste
endocrine system
made of the endocrine glands, which secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
respiratory system
consists of the heart and blood vessels which transports oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells and gets ride of waste products
lympathic system
consists of lymphatic vessels and nodes that help return the body fluids to the bloodstream
digestive system
made up of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines which aids in breaking down food to allow the body to absorb nutrients
urinary system
consists of the kidney and bladder to help remove nitrogen-containing wastes out of the body
reproductive system
consists of the testes, scrotum, and penis for males, while females consist of the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Which allows for the production of offspring
postive feedback
Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output.
negative feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
Homeostasis
maintains a steady internal environment
receptor
sensor monitors the environment and responds to change stimuli
control center
receives an input and determines if it's an acceptable range
effector
the output response to the stimuli
homeostatic imbalance
organ systems have a diminished ability to keep the body's internal environment within the normal range