1. A team of community members and Monique, a PHN from the public health department, have come together to do a community assessment of an Italian American community located in a large city. Monique and the community members discuss the type of assessment they are conducting. They have decided to complete an assessment to include the demographic data about the people living within the community, the assets within the community, such as the local health department capacity, and the identification of problems and issues in the community, such as unmet needs, health disparities, and opportunities for action. The type of assessment they are doing is called a:a. Rapid needs assessment b. Comprehensive community assessment c. Population-focused assessment d. Health impact assessment
b
2. A PHN goes to a factory to find out why employees are missing so manyworkdays. What type of assessment would be the most appropriate in thiscase?a. Setting-specific assessment b. Health impact assessment c. Problem or health issue-based assessment d. Population-focused assessment
a
3. To develop maintenance and survival strategies for a community in the eventof an emergency, a PHN looks for useful places, persons, and systems. Thispart of the assessment is called:a. Capacity building. b. Needs assessment. c. Participatory research. d. Asset mapping.
d
4. A PHN was asked to come to a town that was having some noticeable healthproblems. Driving through town, the nurse noted that there were many for-sale signs, as well as very little green space and some trash in the street.This pre-assessment phase is called a:a. Community themes and strengths assessment.b. Community Health Assessment and Group Evaluation (CHANGE).c. Community health status assessment.d. Windshield survey.
d
5. Formative evaluation occursa. At the end of the program to help design new programsb. During the development of a program, while the activities are forming andbeing implemented for the first timec. Prior to the beginning of the program to help identify outcome measuresd. At the end of the program to determine if the program was effective
b
6. The PHNs at the public health department have teamed with thecommunity to help build community capacity. This could include all of thefollowing except:a. Organizing assets and resources to improve the health of acommunity.b. Assessing how many people the community clinic will contain at onetime.c. Working in partnerships and supporting decision making.d. Identifying root causes of health problems and working on achievingidentified outcomes.
b
7. Once a community health assessment has been completed and the healthpriority has been established, the first step is to:a. Identify other effective programs aimed at addressing the identifiedhealth priority.b. Evaluate the capacity to address the health priority.c. Understand the underlying factors contributing to the problemd. Develop a program tailored to the community.
c
8. In general, nurses using the program planning model would begin by:a. Identifying primary health issues in the community.b. Implementing an intervention.c. Selecting effective interventions.d. Developing measurable process and outcome measures.
a
9. An example of a downstream approach to population health promotion, protection, and risk reduction would be:a. Policies that require change at a community levelb. Grocery stores removing all high-fat foods from their shelvesc. Individuals being compliant with vaccinationsd. Addressing environmental issues
c
10. PHNs in a county with an increase in measles during the 2018-2019 outbreak used thenatural history of disease framework to develop a primary prevention program aimed atpreventing measles. Their first step was to:a. Conduct an outreach to all parents to have their children vaccinated.b. Educate health-care providers on the signs and symptoms of disease.c. Start a screening program to identify persons who may have measles.d. Provide an educational program for parents whose children have measles on the importance of keeping them home from school and away from public places.
a
11. Based on recent studies on risk for disease, the nurse working in a primary care clinic in apoorer urban community decides to develop an educational program on the importance ofincluding whole grains, fruits and vegetables in her patient's diets. To help guide thedevelopment of her program she first reviews the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables in thecommunity. Her decision to gather information on these factors best reflects the________?a. Ecological determinants of healthb. Social determinants of healthc. Individual behavioral determinants of healthd. Genetic determinants of health
b
12. Public health practice consists of which of the following functions? (Check allthat apply.)a. Promotion of diseaseb. Promotion of healthc. Preventing diseased. Addressing environmental safety and improvement.
bcd
13. The socioecological model uses:a. An upstream approachb. A midstream approachc. A downstream approachd. A model for examining causation of disease
a
1. According to WHO, the social gradient refers to a gradient in health that runs from top to bottom of:a. Education levels within a communityb. The socioeconomic spectrumc. Prevalence of a disease in a communityd. Income levels in a community
b
2. A nurse is performing an assessment of a very economically diverse community and realizes that while comparing income to health outcomes, the nurse must be careful to:a. Compare only the outcomes of the richest community members to the outcomes of the poorest community membersb. Recognize that income and outcomes exist on a scale and look across the entire spectrumc. Evaluate only the poorest health outcomes and where they land on the income spectrum.d. Evaluate only the poorest community members and their health outcomes.
b
3. During a lecture on health disparities, a student asks the instructor how communities with great access to health care can still have poor health outcomes. How should the instructor respond?a. Social determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how they access preventative care.b. The student is incorrect. Communities with good access to care have good health outcomes.c. This phenomenon only occurs in communities where the quality of health care is poor.d. Members of these communities only have access to primary-care providers, which reduces the quality of care they receive.
a
4. A nurse is assessing a young mother who lost her job. She has no way to support her family and has found herself living on the streets because she doesn't have any other family in the area. Which of the following should she do first?a. Look at the broader picture and see if there are any opportunities for policy change.b. Help her find shelter at the community shelter for women and children.c. Provide her with information on resources to help her with financial support while she seeks a new job.d. Ask her to come back in 6 months for a re-evaluation.
b
5. A public health nurse (PHN) is starting a study of different populations in the community to see which groups have faced marginalization and to what degree. The PHN is looking for evidence that:a. A group has been discriminated against based on their race or ethnicity.b. A group has been treated as if they are not important or of little consequence to the rest of society.c. A group has been labeled by society as possessing a particular characteristic that is not valued, leading to a loss of status.d. A group has been assigned a negative or positive belief that is believed to apply to the entire group.
b
6. A person who is an in apparent carrier is someone who:a. has been infected but has not yet shown signs of the diseaseb. is infected but does not develop the disease, yet continues to shed the agentc. is infected but who no longer shows signs of acute diseased. is infected with the agent with no sign of disease for a long period of time
b
7. Three key components in the transmission cycle are:a. Host, compromised immune system, and bacteriab. Virus, animal, and antibiotic-resistant organismc. Agent, host, and environmentd. Poor living conditions, excess moisture, andlowered immunity
c
8. A nurse who treated a patient with a severe respiratory infection incorporates which of the following preventive measures to ensure the disease will not spread to others?a. Uses personal protection equipment (PPE)b. Washes hands frequentlyc. Properly cleans patient areasd. All of the above
d
9. PHNs are involved in protecting the population at large from the spread of infectious agents. They must be able to identify elements of the cycle of communicable disease transmission in their patients, including all of the following except:a. Reservoirb. Portal of entryc. Susceptible hostd. Antibiotics effective against the agent.
d
1. A nurse is beginning employment at a local health department, and reviewing the job description and the functions that fall under the purview of the health department. Which of the following is not one of the five minimum functions as named by the American Public Health Association (APHA)?a. Vital statisticsb. Public health educationc. Promotion of elder health and safetyd. Environmental sanitation.
c
2. A PHN is working in the public health department in San Diego County. After a recent storm, the department begins to conduct water testing to ensure that the ocean water is safe to swim in. Testing results reveal that the level of bacteria is 10 times the acceptable limit. What is the first step the PHD should take?a. Issue a public health statement informing residents of the risk of swimming.b. Close the beaches until the levels return to normal.c. Treat the water with anti-microbial agents.d. Issue a boil water alert.
b
3. A nurse has volunteered with an organization treating womenwho were the victims of rape as a weapon of war in the Congo. This violence is considered:a. Community violence.b. Collective violence.c. Stranger violence.d. Interpersonal violence.
b
4. A nurse has seen an increase in infant injuries during motor vehicle crashes due to poor car seat installation. The nurse wants to consider upstream policies at the population level to address this issue but doesn't have the time to take on the project. How should the nurse proceed?a. Reconsider the project at a different time when the workload at his or her primary job lightens.b. Delegate some of the project tasks to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP).c. Quit the job to dedicate all of his or her time to the project.d. Consider a collaborative relationship with the public health department and fire and police departments.
d
5. Michelle is conducting a routine well baby visit in the home. As part of her visit, she uses the DOVE tool to screen the mother for possible Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The mother discloses that she is a victim of IPV. What actions are Michelle required to perform?a. Further assessment, report to the physician, and discussion of a safety planb. Provide her with pamphlets on escaping domestic violence, appropriate referrals, and discussion of a safety planc. Further assessment, appropriate referrals, and discussion of a safety pland. Referral to a shelter for victims of IPV, and report to the physician.
c
6. Screening for mental conditions such as depression, anxiety, and trauma is considered:a. Primary preventionb. Secondary preventionc. Tertiary preventiond. Surveillance of mental health disorders
b
7. Community-level risk factors for mental health disorders do not include:a. Socioeconomic factorsb. Genetic factorsc. The environmentd. Education and job opportunities.
b
8. Persons who are emotionally healthy are able to: (Select all that apply.)a. Meet the demands of everyday life.b. Function in society.c. Experience alterations in thinking.d. Adapt to change.e. Cope with challenges.
abde
9. A student nurse is studying stress and mental health. The student nurse learns that ____ is based on an individual's ability to access protective factors that exist at different levels to withstand chronic stress or recover from traumatic life events.a. Interventionb. Supportc. Resilienced. Therapy.
c
10. At her new job at the state department of health in Pennsylvania, Janice is tasked with overseeing a new mental health outreach program. She found it challenging to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in the U.S. primarily due to what issue?a. There is no consensus on what constitutes a mental disorder.b. HIPAA laws prevent review of medical records.c. There are no health surveys that include data related to mental health.d. There is no centralized method of conducting surveillance of mental health disorder.
d
11. A public health nurse (PHN) researching risk factors for mortality found that ____ and ____ are leading causes of preventable deaths.a. Alcohol, tobaccob. Opioids, tobaccoc. Cannabis, alcohold. Opioids, cannabis
a
12. Assessment of risk associated with substance use includes determining which of the following?a. Quantity consumedb. Frequency of consumptionc. Duration of used. All of the above
d
13. A school nurse working at a high school puts together a school-wide program to educate teens about the harm associated with alcohol use. What level of intervention is this?a. Universal level of preventionb. Selective level of preventionc. Indicated level of preventiond. None of the above
a
14. Nurses at a local trauma center were involved in evaluating their hospital's screening program for at-risk alcohol use. Which of the following steps was part of their plan?a. Review files on patients admitted with a possible alcohol-related injury.b. Evaluate the current screening system in use on their unit.c. Review current screening techniques used in other hospitals.d. All of the above.
d
1. Susan has been assigned a 80-year-old patient in the intensive care unit who is recovering from gallbladder removal. She is primarily providing what level of prevention?a. Primaryb. Secondaryc. Tertiaryd. Selected
c
2. A nurse is planning specific interventions aimed at reducing the rate of complications due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels in the diabetes population with repeat admissions to hospital. The word population is primarily being used from the perspective of:a. Public health context.b. Hospital setting.c. Cultural context.d. None of the above.
b
3. Adam is writing a proposal for a performance improvement study related to care of adolescent patients presenting in the emergency department (ED) with suicidal ideation. As part of his study, he wishes to conduct chart reviews for all adolescent patients seen in the ED over the past 6 months. How should he proceed?a. Obtain the records from the EMR or the medical records department as required by the hospital.b. Inform the physicians caring for the patients why he needs to review the records prior to conducting the medical record review.c. Present the proposal to the hospital Institutional Review Board for review and obtain permission from them prior to doing the study.d. The nurse is not able to use the records because it is a violation of HIPAA.
c
4. A nurse is working with a community center that primarily services a nearby Native American tribe. The nurse knows that many of the tribe members have Type II DM. Which of the following interventions is an example of tertiary prevention?a. teaching school aged children healthy exerciseb. conducting blood glucose screening for adults in the communityc. actively encourage DM patients to have foot, eye, and HgB A1C screening tests every 3 monthsd. Publish a culturally grounded guide about preventing DM using input from the tribal leaders and distributing to all persons who come to the clinic.
c
5. A nurse is looking to reduce the number of adolescents in her community that are using tobacco. The nurse implements a community-wide program to raise awareness about the dangers of nicotine use and creates a support group specifically aimed at teens looking to quit smoking. This is an example of:a. Health protection.b. Health promotion.c. Risk reduction.d. Tertiary prevention.
b
6. The PHD is concerned about an outbreak of measles that has occurred in a country adjacent to theirs. Although there are currently no reported cases, as one of their actions in the PHD is to reach out to all primary care providers to encourage all their unvaccinated patients to get vaccinated and to encourage the parents of unvaccinated children to get their vaccinations up to date. This action is an example ofa. secondary prevention approach related to screeningb. primary prevention approach focused on health protectionc. a primary prevention approach focused on health promotiond. primary prevention approach focused on screening
b
7. A public health nurse (PHN) has been tasked with addressing the rise in teen pregnancies in her communities. She wishes to create linkages among agencies that provide care to teens and/or obstetrical care generally. Which would be her first step based on the six-step guide?a. State the key challenges, articulate why they are better addressed by multiple agencies, and name potential key players.b. Create a harmonious planning environment among agencies.c. Assess the need to work in partnership with other agencies.d. Make sure the members of the partnership are equally representative of the community-at-large in terms of culture, race, and perspective.
c
8. A nurse is reviewing top 10 priorities from Rural Healthy People 2020 National Survey. Which of the following is not one of the top 10 prioritiesa. access to quality health servicesb. diabetesc. mental health and mental disordersd. cancer
d
9. A nurse is working with several community members in an inner-city environment to help address broken windows and damaged buildings in their community. They've had several residents volunteer to form a group that will repair the damages and keep the community looking well care for. This is an example ofa. community organizationb. community empowermentc. community partnershipsd. none of the above
a
10. A team of community health nurses is visiting a community where they want to address tobacco use in pregnant women, but they only have a short amount of time to prepare for their trip. What is their first step?a. Create a fishbone diagram.b. Assess the community for social and demographic data.c. Create objective, easy to assess goals.d. Identify populations more likely to use tobacco.
a
11. A pediatric nurse is putting together a series of educational handouts to give to moms when they come in for well-baby visits. What is the most important piece of information to include on the handout about healthy sleep habits?a. Dress the baby in lightweight, loose-fitting clothes.b. Put the baby to sleep on his or her back.c. Don't begin strict sleep training until the baby is at least 3 to 4 months old.d. Use a lightweight, small blanket if the room is cold.
b
1. After working in a pediatric unit for the past 5 years, Jan has decided to take a new job where she will be working with older adults. She wants to learn more about aging. Jan decides to review theories of aging to better understand it. One theory she finds has to do with the damaging effects of molecules with unpaired electrons. This represents what theory of aging?A. Free-radical theoryB. Cross-linkage theoryC. Protein synthesis errorsD. Genetic theories
a
2. A nurse is working at a specialized clinic for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Each year, the nurse recommends that patients get the influenza vaccine from their primary care provider but notices that there are a lot of older women who do not get the vaccine, despite the recommendations. What should the nurse do first?a. Print educational materials about the importance of yearly flu shots.b. Set up low-cost transportation to local primary care providers for the women.c. Start offering the flu shot at the COPD clinic.d. Perform a focused community assessment to determine why these women aren't getting the flu shot.
d
3. A nurse has noticed an increase in the number of older patients in the community coming down with pneumonia from influenza each winter. In addition to increasing access to the influenza vaccine each winter, which intervention would address the biggest risk factor associated with developing pneumonia for this particular age group?a. Increasing hand washingb. Improving nutrition by increasing access to healthy foods and prepared mealsc. Getting more restorative sleepd. Increasing exercise through community programs
b
4. A school nurse is updating the designated medical emergency response plan. Once the plan is in place, it is recommended that she should do all of the following except:a. Identify who within the system is authorized to make emergency medical decisions.b. Practice the plan once each year.c. Make sure AEDs are available in the schoold. Teach multiple staff members first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
b
5. A parent has called the school nurse's office to discuss her daughter's new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. The parent is inquiring about what role the nurse will play in managing her care while the girl is in school. The key role of the nurse is to:a. Encourage self-care.b. Administer insulin.c. Manage the student's dietary intake.d. Provide daily blood glucose monitoring.
a
6. A school nurse is beginning work at a new elementary charter school. As the nurse is developing screening policies for the students in the school, which of the following must be included?a. Scoliosis screeningb. Hearing and vision screeningc. Both scoliosis and hearing and vision screeningd. It depends on what the state mandates.
d