Endocrine

Paracrine

TYPES OF SECRETION: Localized dispersal in interstitial fluid or through short loops of blood vessels

Juxtacrine

TYPES OF SECRETION: Signaling molecule remains on the secreting cell's surface or adjacent extracellular matrix and affects target cells when the cells make contact.

Autocrine

TYPES OF SECRETION: Cells may produce molecules that act on themselves or on cells of the same type

Hormones

-"chemical messenger" of the body-secreted by ductless glands

Amines

Tyrosine Derivative & Tryptophan Derivative

Peptides

Glycoproteins & Polypeptides

Steroids

ACEPT

5 principal cells in anterior pituitary:

GonadotrophsSomatotrophsThyrotrophsCorticotrophsLactotrophs

cushing syndrome

Syndrome due to high cortisol

Somatotrophs

the most abundant in pars distalis while thyrotropes are the least

Posterior Pituitary

Composed of neural tissue containing unmyelinated axons

Pituicytes

What is the principal cell found in posterior pituitary?

Cortisol

What is the major hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Thyroglobulin

What is the protein produced by the Thyroid gland?

Melatonin

Known as the biological clock.

Parafollicular cells

What is the specific secretor of calcitonin?

Epinephrine

What is the most potent Catecholamine?

Neurohypophysis

What is the other term for posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin

Milk letdown reflex" is associated with what hormone

Somatostatin

What is the hormone secreted by the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans?

Aldosterone

What is the most potent mineralcorticoid?

Cortisol

What is the most potent glucocorticoid?

Testosterone

What is the most potent androgen?

Gonads

Target organ of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone

Bone

Main target organ of Growth hormone

Mammary gland

Target organ of Prolactin

Adrenal gland

Target organ of Adrenocorticotropin Hormone

Thyroid

Target organ of TSH

neuroectoderm

origin of neurohypophysis

oral ectoderm

origin of adenohypophysis

Epiphysis

-Basis of Circadian rhythm-Secretes melatonin-Pineal Cerebri

Grave's Disease

Exophthalmos

Goiter

Enlarge thyroid

Gigantism

Condition due to high levels of Growth hormone that happens during young age or adolescence

Dwarfism

-Growth hormone deficiency-Condition due to low levels of Growth hormone that happens during young age or adolescence

Pinealocytes

Most abundant cells in Epiphysis/Pineal gland

Pineal sand

Corpora arenacea

Chief cells

principal cell in Parathyroid gland

Oxyphil cells

Another cell in parathyroid gland

PTH

-Responsible for the regulation of calcium level-Elevates calcium level

Calcitonin

-For calcium level regulation-Inhibits osteoclast activity-Lowers calcium level

Follicular cells

Secretes T3 and T4 hormones

Alpha cells

secretes glucagon from the islets of Langerhans

Beta cells

secretes insulin from the islets of Langerhans

Delta cells

secretes somatostatin from the islets of Langerhans

Thyroid gland

Butterfly-shaped organ

T3

Triiodothyronine

T4

Tetraiodothyronine

Zona glomerulosa

-Part of the cortex region which synthesizes mineralocorticoid

Zona fasciculata

-Part of the cortex region which synthesizes glucocorticoid

Zone reticularis

-Part of the cortex region which synthesizes androgen

Medulla region

-Adrenal region which synthesizes Catecholamine

Cortex region

-Adrenal region that secretes steroid hormones

Adrenal gland

-gland that is superior to the kidneys (suprarenal gland)

Thyrotrophs

Least abundant principal cell in pars distalis

Lactotrophs

-Principal cell that secretes PRL

Gonadotrophs

-Principal cell that secretes FSH and LH

Corticotrophs

-Principal cell that secretes Adrenocorticotropin hormone

Herring bodies

also known as the neurosecretory bodies; dilated axons

Neurophysin I

Transport protein for Oxytocin

Neurophysin II

Transport protein for ADH

Chromophobe cells

Researchers believe that it is the progenitor cells for Chromophils in the Pars distalis

Prolactin

responsible for the contraction of breast to secrete breast milk

Dopamine

-Prolactin inhibiting hormone-Considered as one of the happy hormones-Tyrosine derivative

Uterus & Mammary

Target organ of Oxytocin

Kidney tubules

Target organ of ADH