Hep C portal of entry
broken skin mucous membrane
Hep B
serum hepatitis
Hep B portal of entry
broken skin
Hep A
infectious hepatitis
Hep A portal of entry
GI tract
Arbovirus
arboviral encephalitis
arbovirus mode of transmission
arthropod (mosquito bite)
examples of arbovirus
west nile western equine
Poliovirus portal of entry
GI tract
polio mode of transmission
fecal-oral; contaminated food and water
2 polio vaccines
Salk: inactivated, injection Sabin: attenuated, oral
Rhabdovirus
Rabies
rhabdovirus portal of entry
broken skin
rhabdovirus mode of transmission
biological vector - animal bite
symptoms of rabies
brain degeneration hydrophobia inability to swallow death after respiratory paralysis
Hantavirus
Hantavirus pulmonary syndromeAKA Four Corners Diseases
Hantavirus portal of entry
respiratory tract
Hantavirus mode of transmission
airborne/inhalation rodent feces
hantavirus symptoms
hemorrhagelung infection kidney problems
Rhino/coronoviruses
common cold
Rhino/coronavirus portal of entry
respiratory tract
rhino/cornoavirus mode of transmission
droplet
Influenza
flu
Influenza portal of entry
respiratory tract
Influenza mode of transmission
airborne, droplet spread
Toxmoplasma gondii
toxoplasmosis found in cat feces risk to pregnant women
toxmoplasmosis mode of transmission
placenta/congenital
Plasmodium malariae
malaria
Malaria mode of transmission
biological vector- female anopheles mosquito
Entamoeba histolytica
amoebic dystentery
Entamoeba histolytica portal of entry
GI tract
Entamoeba histolytica mode of transmission
fecal-oral ingestion of cyst in feces
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillosis -- granular lung tumors
Aspergillus fumigatus portal of entry
respiratory tract
Aspergillus fumigatus mode of transmission
inhalation
Aspergillus fumigatus -- where does it come from?
decaying vegetation manure compost
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)opportunist in AIDS patients in normal lung flora
Coccidioides immitis
CoccidioidomycosisAKA valley fever AKA Desert rheumatoid
Coccidioides immitis portal of entry
respiratory tract
Coccidioides immitis mode of transmission
inhalation
where to find Coccidioides immitis
soil fungus in arid regions
Histoplasma capsulatum
HistoplasmosisAKA Darling's Disease AKA Cave Sickness
Histoplasma capsulatum portal of entry
respiratory tract
Histoplasma capsulatum mode of transmission
inhalation
where to find Histoplasma capsulatum
soil fungus in Mississippi/Ohio River valley bird/rat feces
Crytptococcus neoformans
cryptococcosis
Crytptococcus neoformans portal of entry
respiratory
Crytptococcus neoformans mode of transmission
inhalation of spores
where to find Crytptococcus neoformans
bird fungus on feet + beaks spores in feces
Crytptococcus neoformans symptoms
mild respiratory illness cerebral/meningitis infections in immunocompromised
Candida albicans
CandidiasisAKA yeast infection AKA thrust AKA vaginitis
herpes simplex virus type 2
the genital form of herpes
Herpes type 2 modes of transmission
sexual contact placenta birth canal
Herpes simplex type 1
cold sores, fever blisters
herpes type 1 modes of transmission
direct - lesions, saliva, mucous membrane
Herpes zoster
shinglesreactivation of varicella
Varicella zoster
chicken pox
Varicella zoster mode of transmission
Airborne droplet spread and direct contact with skin lesion
Varicella zoster complication
Reye's Syndrome in children (brain swelling)
Rubella
German measles AKA 3 day measles
Rubella portal of entry
respiratory tract
Rubella modes of transmission
droplet congenital
Rubella characteristics
skin lesions/rashes MMR vaccine
Rubella complications
congenital rubella syndrome = neurological
Rubeola
Measles
Rubeola portal of entry
respiratory tract
Rubeola: Mode of Transmission
droplet
Koplik's spots
measles
Variola
smallpox eradicated
Variola portal of entry
respiratory
Variola mode of transmission
droplet
Variola lesions characteristics
scarring and pitting
Mumps
endemicparotitis
Mumps mode of transmission
droplet direct contact with salvia and respiratory fluids
mumps characteristics
enlarged jaw tissues arising from swollen salivary glands (parotids)
Cytomegalovirus
CMV inclusion disease
Cytomegalovirus mode of transmission
placenta body fluids
Cytomegalovirus characteristics
usually asymptomatic can cause neurological damage to fetus
Epstein-Barr virus
mononucleosisAKA kissing disease
Epstein-Barr virus mode of transmission
infected salvia
Burkitt's lymphoma
EBV infection in Africa
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV infection in Asia
Epstein-Barr virus
recovered = carriers
HIV 1
most common
HIV 2
prevalent in West Africa
how does HIV work?
inserts copy or RNA into DNA of host cell destroys T cells
HIV
retrovirus that causes AIDS
CJD
Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseasecaused by prion always fatal
Klebsiella pneumoniae
pneumonia *hospital acquired gastroenteritis UTIs
Klebsiella pneumoniae portal of entry
GI tract urinary tract can move to respiratory
Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence
capsule
Klebsiella pneumoniae modes of transmission
opportunistic (normal throat flora) inhalation
Klebsiella pneumoniae characteristics
non motile gram -
Proteus mirabilis
secondary burn infections gastroenteritis UTIs
Proteus vulgaris
obligate saprophyte - aids in decomp produces indole inhibits formaldehyde cross-linking
Proteus mirabilis characteristics
burned chocolate smell gram - risk to burn victims
Proteus mirabilis virulence
pili/fimbriae flagella enzymes
Proteus mirabilis modes of transmission
opportunist nosocomial direct indirect
E. Coli
gastroenteritisTraveller's Diarrhea Hemorraghic colitis bacillary dystentery MOST COMMON CAUSE OF UTIs
E. Coli portal of entry
GI urinary tract
E. Coli virulence
motile toxins
E. Coli mode of transmission
fecal oral-- ingestion
Vibrio cholerae
asiatic cholera
Vibrio cholerae portal of entry
GI tract
Vibrio cholerae virulence
cholera enterotoxin
Vibrio cholerae mode of transmission
ingestion, fecal/oral
Vibrio cholerae characteristics
toxin blocks absorption of bicarbonates and chlorides in intestines rice water stool shock, organ failure
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
types of botulism
foodborne, infant, wound
Clostridium botulinum virulence
spore forming neutrotoxin -- cases flaccid paralysis
Clostridium botulinum characteristics
obligate anaerobe spore forming
Shigella dysenteriae
shigellosis (bacillary dysentary)
Shigella dysenteriae virulence
toxins
Shigella dysenteriae transmission
fecal-oralvenereal
S. Sonnei
most common shigella least virulent
S. flexneri
least common most virulent
Shigella dysenteriae characteristics
anaerobe gram - rod shaped
Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever
S. typhi virulence
resists phagocytosis flagella endotoxin
S. typhi transmission
fecal/oral
S. typhi characteristics
gram - rod
Haemophilus influenzae
Hib meningitis bacterial influenzal meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae portal of entry
respiratory tract
Haemophilus influenzae virulence
capsule
Haemophilus influenzae transmission
droplet/inhalation
Haemophilus influenzae characteristics
blood loving rod shaped high risk in young kids
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonorrheaPID opthlamia neonatorum
Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence
pilicapsule cell wall endotoxin enzyme
Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission
sexual contact birth canal
Neisseria gonorrhoeae characteristics
aerobic gram - pyogenic
Streptococcus pyogenes
Strep throat scarlet fever rheumatic fever Puerpeal sepsis (childbirth fever) impetigo
S. pyogenes virulence
toxins enzymes capsule
S. pyogenes transmission
inhalation/droplet fomite insect bite (broken skin)
S. pyogenes characteristics
gram + saprophytes (accelerates decomp)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
lobar pneumoniaotitis media meningitis
S. pneumoniae virulence
capsule
S. pneumoniae transmission
droplet fomite contaminated H20
Pneumococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae --> VERY virulent
Streptococcus agalactiae
sepsis (can be congenital)meningitis
S. agalactiae virulence
toxins enzyme
S. agalactiae portal of entry
GI tract
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosisinfectious jaundice Swineherder/Sewer man's flu
L. interrogans virulence
lipid in cell wall
L. interrogans transmission
direct: animal urine indirect: ingestion of contaminated water ZOONOSIS
Weil's disease
advanced case of Leptospira interrogans
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
3 types of anthrax
1. skin/cutaneous 2. pulmonary (Wool Sorter's)3. Typhoidal
B. anthracis virulence
spore forming capsule toxin
B. anthracis transmission
direct: animal (Zoonosis, cattle) indirect: inhalation , ingestion, wound infection
Clostridium prefringens
gas gangrene - antemortem tissue - postmortem food poisoning
Clostridium prefringens virulence
spore forming toxins enzymes
Clostridium tetani
tetanus (lockjaw)
Clostridium tetani virulence factor
spore forming toxin --> rigid paralysis
opisthotonos
rigid paralysis cased by tetanic spasm
Staphylococcus aureus
toxic shock syndromeimpetigo MRSA, VRSA pneumonia food poisoning skin abscess
S. aureus virulence
toxins enzymes capsule
3 enzymes with s. aureus
Coagulase hyalurondiase lipase
S. auerus transmission
direct - droplet, broken skin tampons surgery (nosocomial, fomite)
Francisella tularenis
Tularemia (rabbit and deerfly fever)
Francisella tularenis virulence
capsule
Francisella tularenis transmission
insect vector zoonosis
Francisella tularenis characteristics
pus forming caused by rubbing eyes after handling rabbits
Bordtella pertussis
Pertussis (whooping cough)
4 stages of pertussis
incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent
Bordtella pertussis virulence
capsule toxins
Bordtella pertussis characteristics
obligate aerobe gram - bacilli high amount of mucous risk for children
Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacteriosisintestinal ulcers
Campylobacter jejuni virulence
flagella exotoxin
Campylobacter jejuni characteristics
foodborne gram - vibrio
pylorei
ulcers
Guillan Barre syndrome
complication of Campylobacter jejuni
Yersinia pestis
plague (Bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic)
bubonic plague portal of entry
broken skin
pneumonic plague portal of entry
respiratory tract
bubonic plague mode of transmission
rat fleas bites
Yersnisa pestis lesion
buboe
Yersnisa pestis characterisitcs
zoonoses arthropod borne rod shaped
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
diphtheria (cutaneous and respiratory)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae virulence
toxin
Corynebacterium diphtheriae common sites of infection
tonsils pharynx
Corynebacterium diphtheriae + the pharynx
tough gray pseudo-membrane on throat and tongue
Corynebacterium diphtheriae characteristics
abdominal rash gram + saprophytes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence
high lipid cell wall - resistant to staining and drying
Mycobacterium tuberculosis characteristics
tubercle forms macrophage dies cheeselike center forms --> then, cavitation
Mycobacterium avium
affects people with HIV costal areas
Legionella pneumophila
Legionnaire's disease
where to find Legonnaire's
Water in ACsWater faucetsShower headsHumidifiers
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeriosisfoodborne can lead to meningitis
Treponema pallidum
syphilis
Treponema pallidum AKAs
teflon pathogen Great imitator
three stages of syphilis
primary (chancre) secondary, tertiary (gumma)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
walking pneumonialooks like fried eggs smallest free living
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever-rash -ticks
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic typhus (louse borne)rash
Rickettsia typhi
endemic typhus (flea borne) NO RASH
Coxiella burnetti
Q fevertick bite no rash
Chlamydial Pneumonia
pneumonia otitis media asthma
Chlamydia trachomatis
most common STD in america can cause blindness, infertility,
Reiter's Syndrome
complication of chlamydia
Chlamydia pstitaci
parrot fever
monkeypox
transmitted to humans via squirrels and primates lesions
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndromefever greater than 100.4
Ebola
hemorrhagic fever
tines capitis
ringworm
tinea cruris
ringworm of the groin -- jock itch
tinea pedis
fungal infection of the foot; athlete's foot
African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosomiasis spread by tsetse fly caused by Protozoa
Giardiasis
waterborne illness fecal-oral cysts in feces