efferent
conveying away from the CNS
afferent
conveying toward the CNS
hand terms
palmar/dorsal
Foot terms
plantar/dorsal
anatomical planes
1. coronal (vertical cut into front and back halves) 2. transverse (horizontal cut into upper and lower) 3. sagittal (vertical cut into unequal halves)4. median (anterior and posterior)
lateral recumbent position
0
Folwer's position
0
Trendelenburg position
0
sections of limbs
longitudinal, transverse, oblique
supination and pronation
0
eversion/inversion
0
adduction and abduction
0
protrusion/retrusion
0
integumentary system
0
Cartilage
avascular connective tissue
skeletal muscle
striated and voluntary
cardiac striated muscle
myocardium - muscular wall of heart
smooth muscle
blood vessels, digestive tract
Interpreting Chest x-rays intro
...
indications for chest xray
eval of symptomseval of physical signseval of placement of central linesscreen for pneumothorax after lung biopsy, central line placement, and pacemaker placementetc
factors that determine shadow brightness on xray
1. Density - denser things block more x-rays & appear whiteRadiolucent (black) <-> Radiopaque (white)Air <- Fluid and soft tissue -> Bone -> Metal2. Thickness - thicker will be whiter3. Duration of exposure - errors in xray exposure
PA view
posterior - anterior view
AP view
anterior-posterior view, portable chest xray