Digestive System Vocabulary Words

Absortion

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood

bile

A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.

chyme

Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.

enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

gastric juices

Secretions from the stomach lining that contain hydrochloric acid and pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein.

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Mastication

the process of chewing

bolus

a small rounded mass of a substance, especially of chewed food at the moment of swallowing.

metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Peristalsis

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

Villi

Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area

gastrointestinal

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

feces

solid wastes; stool

Micronutrient

vitamins and minerals