what is the common feature of all Electrotherapy modalities?
the ability to facilitate healing in damaged tissues
Is direct current (DC) unipolar or bipolar?
Unipolar
Is alternating current (AC) unipolar or bipolar?
bipolar
How is frequency measured?
Hertz (Hz)pulses/seccycles/sec
What are the different modes of treatment for Electrotherapy
Continuous mode (cont. flow of current)Surge mode (Surge in flow of current)Interrupted (pulse) mode (on and off cycles)
What is defined as an electromotive force that literally pushes the current through the tissue
Voltage
What is defined as the electricity that flows through the patient that is measured by amperage
Current
What is defined as the number of times per second that a certain electrical flow or pulse is repeated
Pulse Rate
What is the average recommended treatment time for most electrotherapy applications
15-30 mins
Why is it wiser to halve the treatment time for the first treatment session
to ensure that there is no abnormal response from pt
What is the difference between "Per-Service" vs "Timed Therapies
Per-Service= get paid for doing it, NOT how longTimed Therapies= get paid for doing how long
Timed (Attended) Therapied are billed in 15 minute _______
units
1 unit=
8 to 22 mins
2 units=
23 to 37 mins
Which code would you use to answer "what is wrong
ICD
Which code would you use to answer "What youre going to do about it
CPT
What is the buzzword for Galvanic/Low Volt DC?
Iontophoresis
What is the pad placement, frequency and intensity for Low Frequency Current
Pad= around area of painFrequency= constant Intensity= Very mild perception
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for superficial scars and adhesions
Chlorine
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for skin infections
Heavy Metals (Zn or Cu)
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for arthritis
Vasodilators (Histamine)
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for Bursitis, or frozen shoulder
Acetate
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for Spasm or adhesive capsulitis
Calcium
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for Inflammation
Hydrocortisone
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for Adhesions, neuropathy or skin disorders
Iodine
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for pain, DJD or itis
Magnesium
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for Vasodilation
Nicacin
What type of reaction will Iontophoresis cause under the pads when treating for pain and inflammation
SalicylateXylocaine
What is High Volt Therapy used for
Muscle Re-educationnerve stimulationEDEMA and SPASMPain Control
What is the Pad placement, frequency and intensity for High Volt Therapy
Pad= trace mm fibers of painful regionFreq= up to 120HzIntensity= to pt perception
If using a dispersive pad for High-Volt Therapy, what should you make sire you do
dispersive pad should be larger covering treatment area tracing large muscle mass
Which way is negative polarity going to be going
towards the heart
Which way is positive polarity going to be going
Away from the heart
What is Interferential Current (Quadripolar)/ PRe-Mod Therapy used for
Pain, Edema, Hypertonicity
What is the pad placement, frequency and intensity for Interferential Current (Quadripolar) therapy
Pad= 4 pads criss-crossed around area of painfreq= 3-5 chronic pain 80-150 acute pain 4000 Nerve blockIntensity= to pt perception
What is the difference in frequency between the two medium frequency currents in IFC called
Beat Frequency (Hz)
What does the beat frequency relate to in IFC
the number of times per second the intensity increases and decreases
What is going utilize one output jack and produces a composite wave form identical to the IFC, while using only two electrodes
Pre-mod bipolar therapy
What is Russian Stim used for
reduces mm atrophy
What is the best current to build mm strength and neuromuscular re-education
Russian Stim
What is the pad placement, frequency and intensity for Russian Stim
Pad= trace mm fibers of involved mm groupFreq= 2000-10,000 Hz (Cycle time, ramp)Intensity= to muscle contraction
What are the 3 modes of treatment for Russian/Biphasic
NormalReciprocal (Bicep/Tricep0Co-Contraction (Quad)
What is Microcurrent used for
promote wound healing and pain control
What is the goal for Microcurrent
Cellular stimulation, NOT nerve
What is the probe placement, frequency and intensity for Microcurrent
probe= around injured/painful regionfreq= less than 1Hz (0.3 Hz optimum)intensity= typically below pt percetion
What is a TENS unit used for
Pain control only (100% gait theory)
What is the goal for a TENS unit
sensory stim only NOT motor
What is the pad placement, frequency and intensity for TENS unit
pad= along area of pain and related dermatomefreq= up to 100+ Hzintensity= to pt perception