Digestive System Vocab

Absorption

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood

Bile

A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.

Chyme

the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

Enzyme

protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Gastric juices in stomach

hydrochloric acid, enzymes, mucus

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Mastication

the process of chewing

Bolus

a small rounded mass of a substance, especially of chewed food at the moment of swallowing.

Metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Micronutrients

vitamins, minerals, water

Peristalsis

the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

Villi

Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed

Gastrointestinal Tract

the structures of the digestive system

feces

solid wastes; stool