Which of the following blood vessels creates the greatest resistance to blood flow?
arterioles
Blood flow in the arteriole below is 20 ml/min. Upstream pressure (A) (i.e., pressure in the end of the vessel closer to the aorta) is 90 mmHg. Downstream pressure (B) (i.e., pressure in the vessel closer to a capillary) is 30 mmHg. Considering Poiseuille's Law (F = ðÄPr4/8çL), if upstream pressure is reduced to 45 mmHg, what happens to blood flow in the arteriole?
decreases to 5 ml/min
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the measurement of blood pressure (BP)?A BP of 120/90 is diagnosed as hypertensionPulse pressure (PP) = systolic BP (SBP) - diastolic BP (DBP)Standard BP measurements are typically reduced by 760 mmHgThe point at which Korotkoff sounds disappear is identified as SBPAn ankle-brachial index (ABI) of 0.70 is diagnostic of PAD
The point at which Korotkoff sounds disappear is identified as SBP
A patient's blood pressure is 155/95 mmHg. What is their MAP?
115mmhg
Which of the following statement is INCORRECT regarding vascular resistance?Vasodilation results in a reduction in vascular resistanceShear stress increases vascular resistanceArterioles create the greatest vascular resistance to blood flowMost blood vessels have vascular tone due to heightened SNS activityEndothelin increases vascular resistance
shear stress inc vasc resistance
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding vascular tone?Adenosine (ADO) enhances vascular toneIt is mediated, in part, by sympathetic toneA withdrawal of sympathetic tone leads to vasodilationIt is mediated, in part, by spontaneous L-type Ca2+ channel currentA blood vessel that is distended will respond by vasoconstricting
Adenosine (ADO) enhances vascular tone
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding anaphylaxisBronchiole smooth muscle cells have more β2 receptors than α1 receptorsAn EpiPen increases intracellular cAMP levels in BSMCsHistamine causes vasodilation by ultimately activating MLCKAn EpiPen stimulates the formation of Ca2+/calmodulin in VSMCsHistamine causes bronchoconstriction by first binding to endothelial cells
Histamine causes bronchoconstriction by first binding to endothelial cells
In response the high blood pressure, the arterial baroreflex (ABR):
Sends reduced action potential frequencies to the medulla oblongata
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the CNS control of arterial blood pressure (BP)?When BP is elevated, CVLM inhibits RVLMThe NA regulates pacemaker activityThe tonic activation of CVLM causes vasomotor toneABR afferents converge on the NTSThe NTS interacts with the NA and the CVLM
The tonic activation of CVLM causes vasomotor tone
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding blood pressure (BP)?Both forms of heart failure can lead to hypotensionCardiogenic shock typically results from severe hemorrhageLow HR can cause orthostatic hypotensionA SBP of 135 is classified as pre-hypertension, or stage I HTNChronic HTN leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and HFpEF
Cardiogenic shock typically results from severe hemorrhage