Which of the following are considered part of the environment
all of these
A person holding a sign during a protest against cutting down trees in a forest would be considered a(n)
environmentalist
A natural resource that is formed much more slowly than we use it is called
Nonrenewable
Which of the following is an example of a renewable natural resource
wave energy
Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable natural resource
natural gas
Which of the following statements about science is true
It assumes that the natural world works according to rules that do not change unpredictably
Which of the following is an example of quantitative data
There are 3 tulips.
Results published in _____ are the most respected in science because they have passed through a rigorous evaluation process involving feedback from multiple sources.
peer-reviewed journals
Which statement about changes in scientific though is correct
Changes in scientific thought demonstrate a key strength of science: the ability to self-correct and imporove
A human-centered view of our relationship with the environment is known as
Anthropocentrism
What is the correct hierarchy of taxonomic group, from largest to smallest?
Family, genus, species, subspecies
Tigers living in warm climates have thinner cots of fur that tigers living in cool climates. This is a result of
Genetic diversity
The easiest component of biodiversity to measure is
species diversity
Which is the most direct way in which biodiversity can provide a source of income
ecotourism
If current trends continue, the modern geologic era, known as the Quaternary period, may see the extinction of
More than half of all species
The Sikhote-Alvin Mountains, and the Siberian tigers living on them, are separated from other mountain regions in which the tigers could live. The mountains are an example of a(n)
Habitat fragment
The convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on Biological Diverstiy are example of
Treaties to protect biodiversity=
To manage, protect, and reintroduce threatened and endangered species are the goals of
species survival plans
Which of the following is an example of a method for managing whole ecosystems and habitats
mapping biodiversity hotspots
Relieving a nation from repaying some of the money it owes other nations in exchange for protecting its biodiversity is called what?
debt-for-nature swap
day to day conditions of Earth's atmosphere, such as "sunny and humid", describe
Weather
Which biome would have the highest net primary production?
coral reefs
In aquatic ecosystems, net primary productivity is related to
available sunlight and nutrients
In the graph, the solid line represents precipitation and the dashed line represents temperature. What type of conditions are indicated by the areas of the graph labeled A?
moist
What percentage of Earth's surface is covered in water
75%
Which of the following describes the aphotic zone in an aquatic ecosystem
the zone where no sunlight penetrates and photosynthesis cannot occur
Which zone of an aquatic ecosystem tends to have more life—both producers and consumers?
photic zone
Which ecosystems are considered standing freshwater ecosystems
All of the aboce
A bog is a wetland that
Is entirely covered with thick, floating mats of vegetation
What ocean zone begins at the edge of the continental shelf and then extends outward into deeper water?
open ocean
The basic nits of matter, the smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of an element, are called
Atoms
Because of their larger size, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are together called
Macromolecules
Why is water often called "the universal solvent"?
It can dissolve many other molecules
Predator prey relationships are an example of a
negative feedback loop
Which sphere of Earth is made of all the rock above and below Earth's surface?
geosphere
The lithosphere is varied on a softer, but still firm, layer of rock called the
Crust
What sphere are humans part of?
biosphere
A change in state in which water returns to Earth's surface and changes from a vapor to a liquid is called
Transpiration
Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called
nutrients
What products are created by the process of photosynthesis?
oxygen and carbohydrates
A cost-benefit analysis is a(n)
comparison between what is sacrificed and gained by a specific action
Which statement about the relationship between economics and environment is true
Harm to the environment can harm economies
Energy Star," "USDA Organic," and "Fair Trade Certified" are all examples of
Ecolabelling
In making environmental policies, government interacts with
organizations, businesses, and citizens
I the U.S., laws I acted from the 1780s to the late 1800s reflected the perception that
The amount of land and natural resources in the West was endless
Most major laws in modern US environmental policy were impacted in the
1960s and 1970s
Headquartered in New York City, the 190 member nations of the following organization work together to promote peace and to help solve economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems.
United Nations
A law that prohibits dumping wastes into nether ocean and punishes people who dump wastes demonstrates which approach to environmental policy
Command-and-control
A power company is given free land by the government to reduce the cost of providing wind-generated electricity to rural residents. This is an example of a
subsidy
The first step of environmental policy process into
Identify the problem
A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience
primary succession
If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive.
predators, parasites, and competitors
A reintroduced population of wolves in a national park is 90% grey and 10% black, consistent with the wolf population in other regions. After several generations in isolation, the national park's wolf population is 60% grey and 40% black. The wolf population has likely experienced
genetic drift
In Madagascar, several species of lemur eats bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo — one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of
Resource partitioning
In the example above, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots contain a high level of cyanide, a toxic chemical. This lemur species has developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will happen over time?
The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase
When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about
90%
Humans are generally
omnivores
Any being that uses the sun's energy to create sugars is a
Primary producer
What best describes evolutionary success?
A successful organism possesses adaptive traits and is able to pass those traits on to numerous offspring which then reproduce
Around 65 million years ago, 95 percent of the planet's species were wiped out, and the age of the dinosaurs ended. Which of the following best explains why we still have numerous species today?
The species that exist today were those that were not wiped out when the dinosaurs died
Giraffes, lions, zebras, hyenas, and all the other living things of the Serengeti make up a(n)
community
Every spring, many species of bird travel north to the Arctic to breed, and in the fall travel south again for the winter. This is an example of
migration
You are studying the vegetation communities of the Mongolian grasslands in a 1000-square-kilometer-area. What is your best strategy for estimating the number of individuals of different plant species growing throughout the grassland
Sampling
Which is the highest population density of grasshoopers
30 grasshoppers/10 square meters
You will be conducting a study of the interactions of vegetation, animals, mineral composition of the soil, and water levels in a saltmarsh. You are studying the saltmarsh
ecosystem
All the living things and their physical environment within a given area" best defines
An ecosystem
A population of wolves is reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park. For the first decade, the wolf population grows exponentially. Then, the population growth slows. The new pattern is known as
logistic growth
In the example above, where wolves are reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park, the number of elk and other prey species within the park are
limiting factor
Wildlife managers reintroduce a species of antelope to a park in Africa from which oils has been wiped out. The habitat is ideal, and in the first year, the population grows from 50 animals to 60.If the population experiences exponential growth, what will the approximate population be at the end of five years?
120
Pandas depend on bamboo. The amount of intact bamboo forest will help determine the
Limiting factor of the population