Average Speed
Unit: m/s
Average Velocity
Unit: m/s
Acceleration
Unit: m/s^2
Newton's Second Law
Unit: Newtons (kg*m/s^2)
Static Friction
Unit: Newtons (kg*m/s^2)
Kinetic Friction
Unit: Newtons (kg*m/s^2)
Normal Force Calculation Inclined Plane
Unit: Newtons (kg*m/s^2)mgcos(theta)
Force of gravity parallel to an inclined plane that must overcome static friction
Unit: Newtons (kg*m/s^2)mgsin(theta)
Torque
Units: Newton * meters (Joule)
Work
Unit: Newton * meters (Joule)FDcos(theta)
Work (PV curve)
Unit: JoulesP * V
Center of mass
the point in an object that moves as if all the object's mass were concentrated at that point
Mechanical Advantage
amount by which a machine increases applied force
Power formula
Unit: Watt (J/S)
Power formula related to velocity
Unit: W (J/S)
Kinetic Energy
Unit: Jenergy of motion
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
Unit: Jthe net work done by all the forces acting on an object is equal to the change in the object's kinetic energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Unit: JPotential energy that depends on the height of an object
Elastic Potential Energy (spring)
Unit: J
Force of a spring (Hooke's Law)
Unit: Newtons
Speed of a Wave
Unit: m/s
Density
Unit: g/cm^3
specific gravity
Relative density
Buoyant Force
Unit: NewtonsFb = mg = d(fluidV)gthe upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object
Pascal's Law
Law stating that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.
Hydrostatic Pressure
Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall, membrane, or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
Poiseuille's Law
calculates rate of flow through a pipe of confined space (laminar flow)
Poiseuille's Law resistance to fluid flow
Resistance is equal to 1/r^4
Continuity Equation
velocity increases as cross-sectional area decreases. Increasing velocity decreases pressure. Used to describe ideal fluids
Pressure Formula
Unit: atm
Bernoulli's Equation
High fluid velocity results in low fluid pressure
Resistors in series
-same current travels through all the resistors (I1 = I2 = I3)
Resistors in parallel
-Current splits into parallel branches so they add- same voltage drop in each branch b/c all pathways start and end at a common point I1 = I2 + I3 V = V1 = V2
Resistance formula with resistivity
Unit: Ohma measure of the resisting power of a specified material to the flow of an electric current.
Capacitance
Unit: 1 F = 1 c/vthe ability of a conductor to store energy in the form of electrically separated charges
Energy of a capacitor
0
Capacitors in series
Unit: Farad
Capacitors in Parallel
Unit: Farad
Magnetic Force
Unit: 1 T = (1 Ns)/(mc)the attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles
Lorentz Force
sum of the electrostatic and magnetic forces acting on a body
Maximum number of electrons in a shell
where n = principal quantum numbers
Kinetic Energy of a photoelectron
Unit: eVKEmax = hf - work function
Formal Charge
The number of valence electrons in an isolated atom minus the number of electrons assigned to the atom in the Lewis structure
Dipole moment
Unit: C * ma property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge
Specific Rotation
A standardized measure of a compound's ability to rotate plane-polarized light.
Electrodeposition Equation
Moles of metal ion being deposited on a plate
Optics Equation
f = focal lengtho = object distanceI = image distancer = radius of optic
Magnification
the ratio of an image size to the object size
Lens Power
Unit: DioptersFarsighted (hyperopia) = -P (diverging) lensNearsighted (myopia) = +P (converging) lens
Focal length of lenses in series
0
Power of lenses in a series
Unit: Diopters
Magnification for a system of lenses
0
Coulomb's law
Unit: Newtonselectric force between charged objects depends on the distance between the objects and the magnitude of the charges.
Magnitude of Electric Field
Unit: N/C or V/Mk = constanta field of force surrounding a charged particle
Electrical Potential Energy
Unit: JoulesQ and q are charges of electronsr = distancethe ability to move an electric charge from one point to another
Intensity of Uniform Electric Field
Unit: V/mVoltage/distance
Voltage (Potential Difference)
Unit: Voltthe difference in electric potential between two points in an electric circuit; expressed in volts (V)
Power Formula
the rate at which work is done
Current Formula
Unit: 1 C/S
Ohm's Law
0
Retardation Factor
A ratio used in thin-layer chromatography to identify a compound; calculated as how far the compound traveled relative to how far the solvent front traveled.
Henry's Law Formula
the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
Electrophoresis (migration velocity of a molecule)
AA = 110 Da
Hardy-Weinberg
Helps measure changes in allele frequencies over time . Provides an "ideal" population to use as a basis of comparison.
Michaelis Menten
0
Vmax Equation
0
Michaelis Menten constant equation
Km = [S] to reach 1/2 Vmax
Enzyme efficiency
0
Nernst Equation
a mathematical relationship used to calculate an ionic equilibrium potential
Osmotic Pressure
pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane
Cell Potential Formula
Reduction potential - oxidation potential
Rate Law Formula
rate = k[A]^x[B]^yan expression relating the rate of a reaction to the concentration of the reactants
Arrhenius Equation
to find activation energy use the...
Wavenumber
Unit: cm^-11/wavelength An analog of frequency used for infrared spectra instead of wavelength.
Kw formula
Kw= [H+] [OH-] = 10^-14
pH Formula
0
pOH Formula
0
Acid Dissociation Constant
the ratio of the concentration of the dissociated form of an acid to the concentration of the undissociated form
Base Dissociation Constant
the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate acid times the concentration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the base
pKa Formula
0
pKb Formula
0
Henderson-Hasselbalch
0
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
the equilibrium expression for a chemical equation representing the dissolution of a slightly to moderately soluble ionic compound
Ideal Gas Law
0
Boyle's Law
A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature
Charle's Law
Charles Schroeder is very/talkative
Avogadro's Law
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Average KE of a gas particle
Unit: JkB = Boltzmann constantKE = 3/2nRT also
Heat capacity at constant volume for ideal monatomic gas
Unit: J/K3/2R for molar heat capacity"V3 is the best
Heat capacity at constant pressure for ideal monatomic gas
Unit: J/K5/2R for molar heat capacity"P5"2 causes pressure when you get cancer
Dalton's law of Partial Pressures
states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture
Heat Transferred
0
Standard Heat of Reaction
The change in enthalpy of a reaction under standard conditions
Standard Heat of Reaction with bonds
0
Change in Gibbs free energy
Unit:Kj/mol-G = spontaneous+G = non spontaneous
Linear Expansion (solids)
0
Volumetric expansions (solids & liquid)
0
Sound Level
Unit: dBthe logarithmic scale that measures the amplitudes of sounds that humans can hear
Sound level with Bf and Bi
Unit: dB
Intensity Formula
Unit: W/m^2the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude
Doppler effect
An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving
Waves in Open Pipes
Open pipe = only "2" lengths
Waves in Close Pipes
Closed Pipe = all "4" lengths
Speed of light formula
Unit: m/s3.00x10^8 m/s
Energy of a Photon
0
Law of Reflection
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Index of Refraction
a measure of the amount a ray of light bends when it passes from one medium to another
Snell's Law
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant, for a given frequency.
Critical Angle Formula
the angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction of 90 degrees
Kinematics Equations
used for problems involving linear motion with constant acceleration
Starling equation
an equation that demonstrates the fluid movement out of the capillary membrane (filtration) as well as back into the capillary (reabsorption)
Diverging lens (concave lens)
Produces virtual upright image (located on object side of lens)
Converging lens (convex lens)
Produces real inverted image
Diopter Unit
1/m
Constructive waves
X = 0, wavelength, 2wavelength, 3wavelength
Destructive waves
X = wavelength/2, 3wavelength/2
What image is produced when an object is at the focal point with a covering lens?
No image formed