chemical change
a change that produces matter with a different composition that the original matter.
chemical property
the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.
chemical reaction
a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products
chemical symbol
a one or two letter representation of an element
compound
a substance that contains two of more elements in a FIXED PROPORTION.
distillation
a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.
element
the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
extensive property
depends on the AMOUNT of matter
filtration
a process used to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.
gas
a from of matter that takes the shape and volume of it's container.
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that is not uniform in composition
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that is uniform in composition
intensive property
a property that depends on the TYPE of matter
law of conservation of mass
in any physical change of chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed.
liquid
a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume and an indefinite shape.
mass
a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains.
mixture
a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
phase
any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties.
physical change
a change during which some properties of a material change, but not the composition of the material.
physical property
a quality of a substance that can be observed or measured withour changing the composition of it.
precipitate
a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
solid
a form of matter that has a definite chape and volume.
solution
a homogeneous mixture that consists of a solutes dissoved in a solvent.
substance
matter that has a uniform and definite composition.
vapor
the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid of solid at room temperature.
volume
a measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter.
analytical chemistry
the area of chem that focuses on the composition of matter.
applied chemistry
research that is directed toward a practical application.
biochemistry
the areas of chem that focus on the processes inside organisms.
chemistry
the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
experiment
a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis.
matter
anything that has mass and occupies space.
manipulated variable
the variable that is changed during an experiment.
pure chemistry
the persuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
responding variable
the variable that is observed
scientific law
a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.
Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.
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Chemistry can be divided into five areas: organic, inorganic, biochemistry, analytical, physical.
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Pure research can lead to an application but an application can exist before research is done.
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Chemistry can explain the natural world, prepare people for career opportunities, and produce informed citizens.
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Chemists design materials to fit needs. Chemists play an important role in the conservation, production and storage of energy.
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Chemists supply medicines, materials and technology that doctors use. They make productive and safer crops and ways to protect them.
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Chemists identify and prevent pollution.
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Chemist gather data from other planets.
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Alchemists developed tools and techniques for working with chemicals.
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Lavoisier helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement it is today.
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steps to the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories.
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when scientists collaborate and communicate, they increase the chance of success.
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Effective problem solving involves developing and then implementing the plan.
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the steps for solving a numeric word problem are analyze, calculate, and evaluate.
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the steps for solving a conceptual problem are analyze and solve.
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Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.
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Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.
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three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas
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Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irriversible.
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Mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures of as homogeneous mixtures based on the distribution of thier components.
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differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.
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Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot.
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If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. If the composition may vary, the material is a mixture.
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Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements and chemical formulas to represent compounds.
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during a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes.
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four possible clues to chemical change include a transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate.
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During any chemical reaction, the mass of products is equal to the mass of reactants.
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