what 7 elements make up a balanced diet?
#NAME?
what are carbohydrates?
energy providers: sugar, pasta, rice
what are lipids?
fats and oils: batter, oily fish-provide energy, energy store, insulation
what are proteins?
growth and repair of tissue: meat, fish-provide energy in emergencies
what are the vitamins?
A, C, D
what does vitamin A do?
good for skin, vision and healthy hair e.g liver
what does vitamin C do?
prevent scurvy e.g oranges
what does vitamin D do?
aids calcium absorption e.g eggs
what are the mineral ions?
calcium, Iron
what does iron do?
make haemoglobin e.g red meat
what does calcium do?
help with bones and teeth e.g milk, cheese
what does water do?
#NAME?
what does dietary fibre do?
helps with the movement of food through the gut (digestion) e.g whole meal bread
what things affect energy requirements?
#NAME?
how does activity level affect energy requirements?
active people need more energy than people who sit around all day
how does age affect energy requirements?
children need more energy than older people as they need to grow and are generally more active
how does pregnancy affect energy requirements?
pregnant women need more energy as they need energy for their babies to grow
structure of digestive system
0
what's the test for starch?
iodine (blue/black)
what's the test for glucose?
Benedict's solution (blue->green->yellow->orange->brick red)
what's the test for protein?
buiret (blue -> violet)
what's the test for lipids?
ethanol (water gets a milky colour)
what is ingestion?
consumption of food
what is digestion?
breaking down of food
what is egestion?
release of indigested food at the anus
what is excretion?
getting rid of the product of metabolic waste
what is absorption?
the process of moving molecules through the walls of the intestines into the blood
what molecules move through he small intestine?
digested food
what molecules move through the large intestine?
water
what is assimilation?
when digested molecules have been absorbed and they're moved into body cells, the digested molecules then become part of the cells
what is an example of assimilation?
when amino acids are assimilated they're used by cells to make cellular proteins
what parts make up the small intestine?
#NAME?
where does he most digestion occur in the small intestine?
duodenum and jejunum
where does the most reabsorption occur in the small intestine?
ileum
what is he formation of carbohydrates?
carbon : hydrogen : oxygen 1 : 2 : 1
what is mechanical digestion?
the physical process of breaking down food e.g mouth, stomach
what is chemical digestion?
the break down of food by enzymes e.g mouth, stomach, small intestine
what are the adaptations of the small intestine?
#NAME?
what do enzymes do for us?
break down food into useful things that our bodies need (different enzymes -> different components of food)
what happens in the stomach?
#NAME?
what is the villi?
the surface trough which food diffuses in the small intestine
what are the characteristics of the villi?
-very thin walls enables molecules to pass through easily (1 cell thick)-on the outside there are capillaries picking up the diffused food into the blood stream
experiment for energy content for food
1.get a food that will burn easy e.g pasta 2.weigh a small amount of the food and then skewer it on a mounted needle 3.add water to a boiling tube (held with clamp)4.measure the temperature hen set fire to the food using a bunsen burner 5.hold the food under the boiling tube until it goes out -> relight until it can no longer relight 6.measure the temp of the water again 7.use the equation for energy to work it out
what is the equation for energy in food?
Energy(J) = mass of water(g) x water temp change(C°) x 4.2