4,000 - 11,000 cells/mm3
What is the normal blood count for Leukocytes?
60 - 70%
What is the normal differential count for Neutorphils?
2 - 4%
What is the normal differential count for Eosinophils?
.50 - 1%
What is the normal differential count for Basophils?
20 - 25%
What is the normal differential count for Lymphocytes?
3 - 8%
What is the normal differential count for Monocytes?
250,000 - 500,000 cells/mm3
What is the normal blood count for Platelets?
NeutorphilsEosinophilsBasophils
What are the names of all the Granulocytes?
LymphocytesMonocytes
What are the names of all the Agranulocytes?
55% of blood volume90% H2O10% Protein, electrolytes, food substance, respiratory gases, hormones, vitamins, waste products
What is the percentage of blood volume for plasma and what are the components of plasma?
4.5 g/100 ml
What are the normal blood values for Albumins?
143 mEq/L
What are the normal blood values for Na+ ?
4 mEq/L
What are the normal blood values for K+ ?
2.5 mEq/L
What are the normal blood values for Ca2+ ?
1.5 mEq/L
What are the normal blood values for Mg2+ ?
27 mEq/L
What are the normal blood values for HCO3- ?
1 mg/100 ml
What are the normal blood values for Creatinine ?
Inferior vena-cava, Superior vena-cava, R-atrium, Tricuspid valve, R-ventricle, Pulmonary semilunar value, Pulmonary trunk, Pulmonary arteries, Pulmonary vein, L-Atrium, Bicuspid/Mitral value, L-ventricle, Aortic semilunar value, Ascending aorta,
What is the blood flow path to and in the heart?
Coronary Sinus
Where is the name of vein that collects the venous drainage of the heart?
Left atrium and the posterior wall of the left ventricle and the left atrium
What area of the heart does the left coronary artery supply?
Right atrium and the lateral walls of the right ventricle and the right atrium
What area of the heart does the right coronary artery supply?
Veins
What are capacitance vessels?
Arterioles
What are resistance vessels?
Right coronary artery-marginal branch-poterior interventricular branch
What coronary artery supplies the posterior portion of the heart?
MAP normal range is 80 to 100 mm Hg. When MAP falls below 60 mm Hg, the blood flow through the brain and kidneys is significantly reduced. Organ deterioration and failure may occur in minutes. MAP = (SBP + (2 X DBP)) / 3
What is mean arterial blood pressure and what is the calculation?
10 mm Hg
What is the driving pressure needed in the lungs?
Volume of blood ejected out the left ventricle during each contraction. Normal is 40 to 80 mL. SV is determined by ventricular preload, ventricular afterload, and myocardial contractability
What is stoke volume?
CO = Stroke volume X Heart rate
What is cardiac output?
The relationship between the myocardial stretch and the cardiac output.
What is the Frank-Starling curve?
The more the myocardial fiber is stretched during diastole (preload), the more strongly it will contract during systole.
What is ventricular preload?
Force against which the ventricles must work to pump blood. Determined by blood volume and viscosity, peripheral vascular resistance, and total corss-sectional area of the vascular space
What is ventricular afterload?
MAP = (SBP + (2 X DBP)) / 3CO = Stroke volume X Heart rateSystemic vascular resistance (SVR) = MAP/COBlood pressure = CO X SVR
How is blood pressure determined?
MAP = (SBP + (2 X DBP)) / 3CO = Stroke volume X Heart rateResistance = MAP/CO
How do you calculate vascular resistance?
Abnormal blood gases-Decreased Po2 (hypoxia)Increased Pco2 (hypercapnia)Decreased pH (acidemia)
What mechanism effect vascular resistance?
EpinephrineNorepinephrineDobutamineDopaminePhenylephrine
What are the names of the pharmacologic agents that constrict pulmonary vessels?
OxygenIsoproterenolAminophyllineCalcium-channel blocking agents
What are the names of the pharmacologic agents that relax pulmonary vessels?
When blood flow from the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart without coming in contact with an alveolus for gas exchange. Common- Congenital heart disease, intrapulmonary fistula, vacular lung tumors
What is an anatomic shunt?
Alveolar O2 does not come in contact with shunted blood. Caused by alveolar collapse or atelectasis, alveolar fluid accumulation, alveolar consolidation
What is a capillary shunt?