The tide-generating force is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance.
True
The plane through the ellipse that marks the revolution of Earth around the Sun is called the ecliptic.
True
A lunar day is shorter than a solar day.
False
There is no horizontal tide-generating force on Earth at points directly below and opposite the Moon.
True
The Sun and the Moon have relatively equal tide-generating forces on Earth.
False
The barycenter follows a smooth orbit around the Sun
True
All else being equal, tides have a greater range when the Moon is at apogee than when the Moon is at perigee.
False
A semidiurnal tide is common along the Pacific coast of the United States.
False
The seaward flow of water due to tidal forces through an inlet is called an ebb current.
True
The difference between centripetal forces and gravitational forces is called the:
resultant
The tide generating force varies
inversely with the cube of the distance between the objects
The tide generating force varies
directly with the product of the object masses
Tidal ranges largest when moon is at
perigee
center of open ocean tidal system
amphidromic
semidiurnal tides in US
Atlantic Coast
mixed tides US
Pacific
water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to tides
ebb current
which of the following is a tidal current
both ebb and flood tides
The backshore is found between the normal high tide mark and the coastline
true
the nearshore is equivalent to the intertidal zone
false
a summer beach typically has more sediment on it than a winter beach
true
the velocity of a longshore current will be higher when the wave heights are higher
true
elevated wave cut platforms in socal are evidence that this coastal area is emergent
true
eustatic changes in sea level refer to changes in the volume of seawater or changes in the capacity of the ocean basin
true
an increase in the spreading rate at a mid ocean ridge will cause a falling sea level
false
the pacific coast is an example of active erosion occurring
true
groins are constructed for the purpose of maintaining or widening beaches that are losing sand
true
the section of the shore exposed at low tide and covered at high tide
foreshore
the section of the shore that extends from normal high tide level to the highest elevation on land, effected by storm waves
backshore
eroded material in coastal regions is carried from high wave to
low wave energy areas
winter beaches
are narrower than summer beaches due to high energy waves in winter
sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by
all of the above
which of the following will decrease the velocity of longshore current
increased wave period
narrow currents flowing across the surf zone toward the open ocean are called
rip currents
the rate of wave erosion along a coastline is determined by all of the following except
direction of longshore current
if one were to walk from the ocean landward across a barrier island complex
beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low marsh
the area of the barrier island complex that contains thickets and woodlands is the
barrier flat
the most biologically productive part of a bic is the
low marsh
large deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers are called
deltas
which of the following landforms shows the greatest erosion rate along US coasts
The Mississippi River Delta
Which of the following landforms shows the least amount of erosion along US coast
Crystalline rocks of New England
Emergent coasts might have all of the following characteristics except
Drowned Beaches
Submergent coasts don't have
marine terraces
A linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a
Spit
Isostatic movement of a coastline might occur due to
the removal of a large glacier island
Eustatic changes in sea level might include
Increased glacial ice melting due to the global warming
Which US coast is being most starved for sediments
Pacific
Nor'easters affect which area of US coastline during the fall and winter
Northern Atlantic
Which US coastline has the greatest average loss due to erosion
Gulf
Which of the following measures is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion
All
Seawalls are
ineffective
What doesn't fit
Barrier Flat
What doesn't fit
Tombolo
What doesn't fit
Sea Stack
What doesn't fit
Uplifted Crust
The coriolis effect is evident in the surface circulation of chesapeake bay
True
Laguna Madre is a classic Coastal plain estuary
False
Salt Marshes serve as nurseries for over half of the commercially important fish in the US
true
Mangrove swamps are protective buffer areas in temperate latitude coastal ecosystems
false
the greates human caused sources of hydrocarbons in the marine environment are urban run off and shipping
true
Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants
True
The larges single oil pollution event was the Persian Gulf
True
Primary sewage treatment involves the removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent
False
Nitrates and hydrocarbons are examples of persistent organic pollutants in marine ecosystems
False
The decreased calcium content in the eggshells of marine birds was a result bioaccumulation of pesticides found in the food chain
True
Minamata disease is caused by mercury contamination
True
The Exclusive Economic Zone Extends
200 nautical miles from the coast
Prevailing dry offshore winds produce coastal waters that
have higher salinities
An example of a coastal plain estuary is the
Chesapeake Bay
An example of a bar-built estuary is
Laguna Madre
Lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of
Bar Built Estuaries
The type of circulation found in Laguna Madre is
opposite of the typical
An estuary formed from a flooded glacial valley
Fjord
An estuary produced by faulting or folding rocks
Tectonic Estuary
Estuarine circulation associated with a deep, high river volume system
Salt wedge estuary
Estuarine circulation associated with a shallow, low volume estuary
Vertically mixed estuary
The columbia river estuary received most of it's ecological damage from
hydroelectric dams
One major problem associated with the chesapeake bay and increased human pressure
an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom dwelling animals
Coastal wetlands are characterized by
high levels of organic matter and anoxic sediments
The percentage of the original area of wetlands currently left in the US
50%
When ocean water enters a marginal sea above a return flow of saltier water, the circulation pattern is called
Mediterranean circulation
All of the following examples of pollutants in the marine environment except
Phytoplankton
Natural processes whcih help to remove oil spills from the ocean include all of the following except
Digestion of significant amount by fish
Bioremediation has been effective in removing
hydrocarbons
Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when
netting strangles seals and birds
Secondary swage treatment consists of
Chlorination of the liquid effluent
The deep water dumping site for sewage sludge off the us east coast initially seemed to be a good choice because
A well developed pycnocline should isolate sewage
Which of the following organisms are expected to show the highest concentrations of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons
Sea Otters
Minimata disease associated with
ingestion of methyl mercury contaminated fish and shellfish
Cold, High viscosity water benefits floating organisms
True
Streamlining fish means that the minimum amount of energy is expended to swim
True
Osmosis occurs when salt ions diffuse through a membrane
false
A euryhaline organism would be poorly adapted to living in coastal environments
False
Stenothermal orgs are likely to be found in deep ocean water
True
Phytoplankton are small in size as a result of predation pressure
False
One reason that polar climates support a high biomass is that cold water can hold more dissolved oxygen
True
The majority of marine species are pelagic
False
The neretic province is associated with the continental shelf
True
THe depth of the oxygen minimum is found in the bathypelagic zone
False
The depth of the nutrient maximum is found at the base of the mesopelagic zone
True
The deep scattering layer is produced by masses of migrating small animals
True
The euphotic zone is located entirely within the epipelagic zone
True
Epifauna live deep within benthic sediments
fALSE
The hadal zone is associated with deep-ocean trenches
True
Which of the following associations is corrent
Kingdom plantae-Macroscopic algae
A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it
All of the above
Which of the following word pairs correctly links
Nekton-Swim
An example of an organism that might be part of the epifauna is
Sea Star
Planktonic organisms that spend part of their lives in planktonic form and the rest of their lives as benthos or nekton are
Meroplankton
Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by
All of the above
When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold water plankton
are larger in size
All of the following are adaptive solutions employed by marine orgs except
Decreasing cellular fat content
Plankton which are 2.0 to .2 um in size are called
Picoplankton
Euryhaline orgs
can survive wide salinity fluctuations
Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temp
Stenothermal
When an organism has the same internal salt concentration as it's environment
isotonic
Osmotic pressure increases as the
Difference in salinity increases
The majority of marine invertebrates are
isotonic with respect to environment
Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes
Tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal concentration is less than that of the sea
An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities
Euryhaline
The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
The color pattern in which marine organisms are light
Countershading
The seasonal temperature range
negligible
Coastal waters that are highly productive tend to be
Green in color
Most marine species are found in a
Benthic environment
Neretic marine environments would be found
Associated with continental shelves
The euphotic zone is confined to the
epipelagic zone
Neretic environments are influenced by
All of the above factors influence neretic environments
The subtidal/sublittoral zone is the area
Below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf
Zonation of benthic organisms includes all of the following except the
neretic zone
Organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by
a and b
Organisms with small, expandable bodies, extremely large mouths, and efficient teeth are likely to be found in the
Bathypelagic zone