In metabolism, energy that is not used is?
Given off as heat
The reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds is called?
Anabolism
Where does the energy required for anabolic reactions come from?
Catabolic reactions
The use of amino acids to make proteins is an example of?
Anabolism
Why is ATP required for glycolysis?
ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into two three-carbon molecules
Glycolysis literally means?
Sugar splitting
How many net ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?
2
What carbon molecules remain at the end of glycolysis?
Pyruvic acid
Is glycolysis also called the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
Yes
What occurs at the bridge step?
Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid
How many electron carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle only?
4
What is the function of GTP?
It is an energy carrier
What is the fate of metabolites during respiration?
They are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water
Where would you expect to find electron transport chains in a prokaryote?
Along the plasma membrane
Which compounds provide electrons to the system?
NADH and FADH2
What does oxygen get reduced to at the end of the electron transport chain?
Water
What does the electron transport chain do to the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons)?
It makes the concentration of protons higher outside the membrane than inside
The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as?
Chemiosmosis
Fermentation is an alternate way that electron carriers can do what?
Return electron carriers to their oxidized state
What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation?
It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+
What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation?
It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons.
What is the most common acid produced by fermentation?
Lactic acid
What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation?
Acetaldehyde
What is the primary molecule used in glycolysis?
0
Which energy-rich molecule directly powers cell work?
0