Chromosome
cell structure that carry the genetic material that is copied & passed from generation to generation in cells
Gene
segment of DN that controls the protein production & the cell cycle
Deoxyribose
any of certain carbohydrates derived from ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom
Purine
a base that is a constituent of RNA or DNA. Double-ringed nitrogenous bases (adenine & guanine).
Pyrimidine
a base that is a constituent of DNA or RNA. Single-ringed nitrogenoue bases (thymine & cytosine).
Complimentarty
(cDNA) is a copy of a strand of DNA containing a sequence of bases that bind to the original molecule
Replication
the process by which genetic material, a single-celled organism, or a virus reproduces or makes a copy of itself.
Helicase
any of various enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and separation of double stranded DNA or RNA during its replication
Polymerase
any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of a long-chain molecule by linking small molecular units, as nucleotides with nucleic acids
Ligase
any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by formation of a covalent bond accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP
Ribose
a white, crystalline, water-soluble, slightly sweet solid
mRNA
(messenger RNA) transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm
tRNA
(transfer RNA) delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein
rRNA
(ribosomal RNA) RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order
Ribosome
a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture
Amino Acid
basic building block of protein molecules
Codon
set of 3 nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in protein
Anitcodon
a sequence of 3 adjacent nucletides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA and designates a specific anino acid during protein synthesis
Transcription
process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
Translation
process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein