dental caries
another name for tooth decay
Ingestion
the taking of food by the body
Alimentary Canal
another name for the gastrointestinal tract
Uvula
hangs from the posterior border of the soft palate & is cone shaped muscular structure.
The tongue
with its associated muscles form the floor of the oral cavity.
Saliva
is 99-99.5% water, which provides a medium for dissolving food.
20 deciduous teeth
teeth from infants between the ages of 6 month to 2 years.
Esophagus
is for the transportation of food to the stomache.
Zymogenic
The cheif cells, within the mucosa of the stomach secretes the principal gastric enzyme pepsinogen.
The main chemical activity of the stomach
is to begin the digestion of proteins with the enzyme pepsin.
Islet of Langerhans
the beta cells, in the pancreas secrete the hormone insulin
Kupffer's cells
of the liver phagocytose certain bacteria & old, worn out white & red blood cells.
Liver
the largest organ of the digestive system.
Mumps
are caused by a vireal infection
rugae
the folds of the mucosa on the internal surface of the stomach
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection, or by excessive alcohol consumption.
cirrhosis
a long-term degenerative disease of the liver in which the lobes are covered with fibrous connective tissue.
appendicitis
an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, caused by an obstruction.
crohn's disease
A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin with symptoms of diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, weakness, anorexia, & weight loss is known as:
bolus
a soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.
small intestine
approximately 80% of all absorption of nutrients occurs here.
plicae
the folds of the mucosa of the small intestine, which increases the surface area for absorption of nutrients, are called:
Helicobacter Pylori
a bacterium associated with the development of stomach or peptic ulcers.
crown
the portion of the tooth above the level of the gums that is covered with enamel.
hiatal hernia
a condition caused by the protrusion of the stomach through the opening in the diaphtagm is known as:
gallbladder
the pear shaped sac about 3-4" long that stores & concentrates bile until it is needed in the small intestines.
peristalsis
the physical movement of pushing food along the digestive tract in a wave like movements is known as.
chyme
the digested, viscous, semi-fluid contents of the small intestines are known as:
diverticulosis
the presence of pouch-like herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, particulary the sigmoid colon is called:
degultition
the term used for swallowing is:
enamel
the dentin of the tooth is covered by the hardest substance in the body, which is:
mastication
the term for chewing
pharynx
an anatomical structure that is part of both the digestive & respiratory systems is the:
digestion
the breakdown of food by both mechinical & chemical mechanisms is known as:
defacation
the elimination from the body of indigestible substances that cannot be absorbed is known as:
glycogen
Excess glucose & other monosaccharides can be stored in the liver as animal starch, which is called:
liver
the organ that produces bile salts that break down fats is the:
colorrctal cancer
cancer of the large intestine& rectum is known as:
hemorrhoids
a condition of inflammation & enlargement of the rectal veins.
diarrhea
when the mucosa of the colon is unable to maintain its usual levels of water absorption & secretes larger than normal amounts of water, ions, & mucus in the feces, the condition is known as:
dehydration
the excessive loss of water caused by diarrhea can lead to a serious condition known as:
laryngopharynx
the pharynx is divided into three portions, the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, & the _________________.
buccal cavity
the mouth or oral cavity can also be called:
papillae
the projections on the tongue that produce its rough surface are known as:
hard palate
the anterior part of the roof of the mouth is called:
carbohydrates
salivary amylase breaks down the following:
Absorption
is the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular & lymphatic systems for distribution to the bodies cells.
Peristalsis
is the physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract.
digestion
the break down of food by both mechanical & chemical mechanisms is called:
Defecation
the elimination from the body of indigestible substances that cnnot be absorbed is known as:
Mastication:
another name for chewing.
deglutition
another name for swallowing.
Rugae
the folds of the mucosa on the internal surface of the stomach.
chyme
the digested, viscous, semi-fluid contents of the intestine are called:
bowel
another name for the large intestine.
Amylase
is a slivary enzyme that initiates the breakdown of complex carbohydrates like starch & glycogen into simple sugars.
gingivae
another name for gums
Plicae
are the folds of the mucosa of the small intestine, which increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Antrum
is the narrow inferior region of the stomach that connects with duodenum of teh small intestine.
Fundus
is the rounded uppermost portion of the stomach.
Pylorus
the antrum of the stomach is also known as this:
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine, into which the stomach smpties all of its contents, is this:
Falciform Ligament
the liver lobes are seperated from each other by this:
common bile duct
bile enters the duodenum through this:
brush border
another name for the microvilli of teh small intestine is this:
zymogenic cells
pepsinogen
pancreatic inlets
secretes hormones
heparin
anticoagulant
crypts of Lieberkuhn
intestinal glands
parietal cells
hydrochloric acid
Brunner's glands
neutralizes acid in chyme
lacteals
absorbs fats
Kupffer's cells
phagocytosis
acini
pancreatic juice
insulin
regulates blood sugar levels