lymphatic system
body sys. responsible for adaptive immunity
the lyphatic sys is made up of
lymp lymp vessels structures and organs that cont. lymphatic tissues and red bone marrow
it is lymph
when interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels
lymph and interstitial fluid relation
chemically similar to blood plasma
interstitial fluid
components of blood plasma filter through blood capillary walls to form this
lymphocyte
is a type of WBC in the vertebrae immune system
functions of lyphocytes
drain interstitial fluid transport dietary lipids and protects with immune responses
depth of immune responses
protects the body agains invasion
depth of trasportation of dietary lipids
transports lipds and lipds soluble vitamins from the g.i tract to the blood
depth in draining of interstitial fluid
lymphatic sys drains tissue spaces of excess fluid and returns proteins that have escaped from blood to the cardiovascular system
lymphatic vessels begin as what
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger
lymphatic vessels
where does the lymphatic vessels drain
the thoracic duct (main) or right lymphatic duct
what are located in intervals along lyphatic vessels
lymph nodes
thoracic duct drains into
left subclavian vein
Rt. lymphatic duct drains into
Rt. subclavian vein
lymph nodes consist of
masses of b cells and t cells surronded by a capsule
lymphatic organs
thymus lymphatic nodes spleen lymph nodules and bone marrow
passage of lymph
from interstitial fluid to lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes to the thoracic duct to rt. subclavian vein to the junction of the internal jugular and subclavien veins
valves of the lymphatic system prevent what
backflow of lymph
how does lymph flow
due to the "milking action" action of skeletal muscle contraction and pressure changes that occur during inhalation
skeletal musc. forces lymph where
towards the subclavian veins
afferent lymphatic vess.
filtered lymph enters a node through this
efferent lymphatic vess.
filtered lymph leaves the other end of the node through one or two of this
two lobed organ located posterior to ths sternum and medial to the lungs and superior to the heart
thymus
largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
spleen
spleen is made from
capsule of dense conn. tiss.
stem cells in red bone marrow give rise to
mature B cells and immature T cells
mature B cells and immature T cell migrate where
to the thymus
primary lymphatic organs and tissues are the sites where stem cells divide and develp what
mature B and T cells
what organs are included when B andT cells are mature
red bone marrow and the thymus
sites where most immune responses occur
secondary lymphatic organs and tiss.
the immune responses occur in what organs
lymph nodes spleen and and lmphatic nodules
lymphatic nodules description
oval shaped concentrations of lymphatic tiss. that are not surronded by a capsule
in what organs are the lymphatice nodules scattered in
the gi respiratory urinary and reproductive tracts
tonsils function
to participate in immune responses agains inhaled or ingested foreign substances
names of tonsils
pharyngeal palatine and ligual
pharyngeal tonsil
embedded in the posterior wall of the upper part of the throat
palatine tonsil
lie at the back of the throat on either side (commonly removed in tonsillectomy)
lingual tonsil
located at the base of the tongue can be removed during tonsellectomy
innate immune defenses include (outer)
barriers provided by the skin and mucous membranes (first line of defens)
innate immune defenses include (inner)
internal antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and natural killer cells, inflammation and fever
inflammatory response
is the defensive response to tissue damage
sign of infammation
redness, pain heat and swelling
fever occurs
when many bacterial toxins elevate body temp by triggering release of fever causing substances
fever causing substnces
macrophages and interleukin-1
define antingen
any subsance that the adaptive immune system recognizes as foreign
adaptive immunity involves in the production of what
spefic types of cells or antibodies to destroy a particular antigen
B cells complete their development where
in red bone marrow
mature T cells develope where
in the thymus from where immature t cells that migrated from the bone marrow
responsible for cellular immunity
T cells
sub population for T cells
cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and memory T cells
cell mediated immunity
is effective against fungi, parasite, intracellular viral infections, cancer cells, and foreign tiss. transplants
(APCs)
antigen presenting cells
what is the function of (APCs)
the process the antigen to activate t cells and secrete substance to dvide t cells and b cells
anti body mediated immunity is most effective against what
viral and bacterial infections
antibody mediated immunity is produced by
descendants of b cells called plasma cells
destruction of antigens by antibodies
is referring to antibody mediated immunity