Cinder Cone
Explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material (ash, lapilli, bombs, and blocks) no lava.
Composite (strato volcano)
Explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by quieter flows of lava.
Shield
Quiet eruptions of lava.
Volcanic Block
Largest pyroclastic material, solid rock blasted out of volcanoes.
Volcanic Bomb
Second largest pyroclastic material, Large blob of lava that forms in the air.
Lapilli
Third largest pyroclastic material, Pebble size piece of lava that becomes solid before they hit the ground.
Volcanic Ash
Smallest pyroclastic material, Tiny glasslike slivers.
P-Wave (Primary Wave)
Back and forth motion, fastest at 6 km/s, goes through everything.
S-Wave (Secondary Wave)
Side to side motion, second fastest at 4 km/s, goes through everything except for the core of the earth.
L-Wave (Surface Wave)
Up and Down motion, slowest(speed varies), stays on the surface, and the most destructive. Travels faster in denser materials and travels slower in less dense material.
How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
Volcanoes formed through the sea floor and is slowly spewing out lava and slowly expanding the chain of islands.
Divergent (destructive)
Movement: Towards each other(---><---), Forms trenches, mountains, and volcanoes, Formed Aleutian Trench in Alaska, The ALPS, and Mount Redoubt.
Convergent (Constructive)
Movement: Away from each other(<--- --->), Forms ridges/rises and volcanic islands, Formed Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Island of Surtsey.
Transform
Movement: Against each other(<===>), Forms faults/fractures, Formed San Andreas Fault in California.
Lithosphere (Crust)
Outer layer of the earth, material is brittle, rocks can snap and break.
Mantle
Middle layer of the earth, material is semi-solid; like clay.
Inner Core
Made of solid metal( iron and nickel).
Outer Core
Made of liquid metal ( iron and nickel).