Basal Ganglia
movement regulationskill learninghabit formationreward systems
Brain Stem
maintaining homeostasis by controlling autonomic functions (including blood pressure, breathing, digestion, heart rate, perspiration and temperature)alertnesssleepbalancestartle response
Pons
regulating breathing, taste, and autonomic functions
Cerebellum
coordination of voluntary movementmotor-learningbalancereflex memoryposturetimingsequence learning
Corpus Callosum
connects right and left hemispheres and allows information to pass between them
Frontal Lobe
Executive processes (voluntary behavior such as decision making, planning, problem-solving, and thinking), voluntary motor control, cognition, intelligence, attention, language processing and comprehension, and many others.
Broca's Area
language production (both speech and sign)comprehension of complex syntax
Prefrontal Cortex
executive processes (voluntary behavior such as decision-making, planning, problem-solving, and thinking)attentioninhibitionintelligencesocial skills
Premotor Cortex
planning and executing motor movementsimitationempathy
Primary Motor Cortex
coordination and initiation of motor movement
Limbic System
memory formation and storageregulating emotionprocessing smellssexual arousal
Amygdala
fear-processingemotion processinglearningfight-or-flight responsereward-processing
Cingulate Gyrus
pain processingemotionmemoryself-regulation
Dentate Gyrus
memory formationpossible role in memory recall
Entorhinal Cortex
declarative memoryspatial memoryself-localization
Hippocampus
early memory storageformation of long-term memoryspatial navigation
Hypothalamus
hungerthirstbody temperaturesexual activityarousalparentingperspirationblood pressureheart rate shiveringpupil dilationcircadian rhythmssleep
Subiculum
memory processingregulation of the body's response to stressspatial navigationinformation processing
Occipital Lobes
vision
Parietal lobes
perception and integration of somatosensory information (e.g. touch, pressure, temperature, and pain)visuospatial processingspatial attentionspatial mappingnumber representation
Somatosensory Cortex/Postcentral Gyrus
sensory processing and integration
Temporal Lobes
RecognitionPerception (hearing, vision, smell)Understanding languageLearning and memory
Middle and Inferior Temporal Gyri
word retrievallanguage and semantic memory processingvisual perceptionmultimodal sensory integrationautobiographical memoryvisual recognition
Perirhinal Cortex
object recognitionmemory formation and storage
Superior Temporal Gyrus
sound processingspeech processing and comprehensionauditory memory
Wernicke's Area
language comprehension
Thalamus
relaying motor and sensory informationmemoryalertnessconsciousnesscontributes to perception and cognition