What is used Primarily for Osmoregulation in Protozoans?
Contractile Vacuole
The contractile Vacuole is used for what in Protozoans?
Osmoregulation
Invertebrates (acoelomates and Pseudocoelomates) use what for Osmoregulation?
Protonephridia
Protonephrihidia is used for osmoregulation in which organisms?
Invertebrates (acoelomates and pseudocoelomates)
What are examples of invertebraes that use protonephridia?
Flatworms and Rotifers
Is the Protonephridia an open or a closed system?
Closed
Flat Worms and Rotifers are know to use what for Osmoregulation?
Protonephridia
The Metanephridium in Eucoelomates is surrounded by what?
Blood Vessels
The Metanephridium in Eucoelomates excrete what?
Urea
When an excretory system excretes Urea it is said to be...
Ureotelic
What do molluscs use for excretion?
A pair of Metanephridia ('Kidneys')
In Molluscs, is the Metanephrium an open or a closed system?
Open
Describe Excretion in Molluscs.
Fluid enters into the Nephrostome and exits into the mantle cavity.
is excretion in Molluscs Ammonotelic or Urotelic?
Both
Ammonotelic means what?
It means that there is an excretion of Ammonia
What do Crustaceans use for excretion?
Green Gland
The Green Gland is used for Excretion by which organisms?
Crustaceans
What is located at the end sac of Antennal glands?
Osmoregulation Ultrafiltrate
Osmoregulation Ultrafiltrate is located where?
At the end sac of the Antennal gland.
Describe the Excretory system of Crustaceans
They undergo selective resorption in their tubules.
The fluid exits via Nephridiopore Excretion is then
complete via active pumping from gill
Is the Excretion of Crustaceans Ammonotelic or Ureotelic.
Ammonotelic
What do Arthropods (Insects and Spiders) use for Osmoregulation?
Malpighian Tubules
Describe the Supplication of nutrients to the Malpighian tubules.
They are bathed in hemolymph ( they have no vessels).
Describe the Excretion process of Arthropods
The Malpighian tubules are bathed in hemolymh Ions are
actively transported into tubules The Ions are then
Reasorbed via the rectum (rectal gland)
How are Ions in the Malpighian Tubules reasorbed?
Via the Rectum (Rectal Gland)
How are Ions Transported in the Malpighian tubules?
They are Actively Transported into tubules
What compound do Arthropods excrete during excretion?
Uric Acid
Excretion of Uric Acid is known as what?
Uricotelic
What do Spiders use for excretion?
Coxal glands
Coxal Glands in Spiders are similer to what?
Antennal Glands
Name the order in which the Kidney is developed.
Archenephros Pronephros Mesonephros
Metanephros or Opistnonephros
Archenephros is known as what?
The Ancestral condition
The Pronephros is...
Located only in Embryos
The Mesonephros is...
Functional in Embryos
The Metanephros is..
The functional kidneys of adult reptiles, birds and mammals.
The opisthonephros is....
The Functional kidneys of adult lampreys, fishes, and Amphibians
The Functional kidneys of adult lampreys, fishes, and Amphibians
The opisthonephros
The functional kidneys of adult reptiles, birds and mammals.
The Metanephros
The Functional kidneys of Embryos.
Mesonephros
The functional unit of a mammalian kidney is what?
A Nephron
Mammalian Kidneys are made up of what?
2 million nephrons
What are the 3 processes of a kidney function?
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion
The site of filtration is known as what?
The Renal Corpuscle
Which two structures make up the Renal Corpuscle?
Bowman's Capscule Glomerulus
Describe the order in which the kidneys reabsorb fluid.
Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle Distal
Tubule
How much Reabsorption is the Proximal Tubule responsible for?
60%
What type of transport takes place in the Proximal Tubule?
Mostly Active Transport
The Proximal Tubule is responsible for what?
Transporting the maximum amount of Fluid
The Loop of Henle is responsible for what?
The transportation of Concentrate urine
The Loop of Henle plays a role in what?
Osmoregulation
The Dista tubule is regulated by what in the Distal tubule?
Renin
Renin regulates what? in the Distal Tubule
The Distal Tubule
Renin Triggers what in the Distal tubule?
Angiotensin
Angiotensin trigger what in the Distal Tubule?
Aldosterone
Aldosterone controls what in the Distal Tubule?
Sodium and Potassium
Aldosterone triggers what?
ADH (Vasoprasin)
Vasoprasin influences what?
Permeability to water
Vasoprasin increases what?
Blood Pressure Thirst
An organism that cannot regulate its body temperature except by
behavioral means such as basking or burrowing.
A Poikilothermic Organism
An organism that maintains a stable internal body temperature
regardless of external influence.
A Homeothermic Organism
Any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external
sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface.
Ectothermic
Any Animal that maintains a constant body temperature independent of
the environment.
Endothermic
Ectotherms compensate for temperature changes by...
Regulating Metabolism
Endotherms have the ability to generate what?
Heat
Endotherms have the Ability to Balance what?
Heat Production and Heat Loss