1. According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A. an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
B. the absence of disease.
C. the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
D. preventi
B. the absence of disease.
B. From a biomedical perspective, health is defined as the absence of disease or elimination of symptoms and signs of disease.
2. What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A. Episodic
B. Follow-up
C. Emergency
D. Complete
C. Emergency
An emergency database is rapid collection of the data often obtained concurrently with lifesaving measures.
3. A medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A. a person's state of health.
B. the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
C. a person's culture.
D. the cause of disease.
D. the cause of disease.
D. Medical diagnoses are used to evaluate the etiology (cause) of disease.
4. An example of subjective data is:
A. decreased range of motion.
B. crepitation in the left knee joint.
C. left knee has been swollen and hot for the past 3 days.
D. arthritis.
C. left knee has been swollen and hot for the past 3 days.
C. Subjective data is what the person says about himself or herself during history taking.
5. What type of database is most appropriate for an individual who is admitted to a long-term care facility?
A. Episodic
B. Follow-up
C. Emergency
D. Complete
D. Complete
. A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination; it describes the current and past health state and forms a baseline against which all future changes can be measured.
6. Which of the following is considered an example of objective data?
A. Alert and oriented
B. Dizziness
C. An earache
D. A sore throat
A. Alert and oriented
A. Objective data is what the health professional observes; level of consciousness and orientation are observations.
7. An example of objective data is:
A. complaints of left knee pain.
B. crepitation in the left knee joint.
C. left knee has been swollen and hot for the past 3 days.
D. report of impaired mobility from left knee pain as evidenced by an inability to walk,
B. crepitation in the left knee joint.
Objective data is what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. Crepitation is assessed by palpation.
8. A nursing diagnosis is best described as:
A. a determination of the etiology of disease.
B. a pattern of coping.
C. an individual's perception of health.
D. a concise statement of actual or potential health concerns or level of wellness.
D. a concise statement of actual or potential health concerns or level of wellness.
D. Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
9. A complete data base is:
A. used to rapidly collect data and is often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures.
B. used for a limited or short-term problem usually consisting of one problem, one cue complex, or one body system.
C. used to evalua
D. used to perform a thorough or comprehensive health history and physical examination.
Rationale
D. A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination; it describes the current and past health state and forms a baselin
10. A patient admitted to the hospital with asthma has the following problems identified based on an admission health history and physical assessment. Which problem is a first-level priority?
A. Ineffective self-health management
B. Risk for infection
C.
C. Impaired gas exchange
C. First-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life threatening, and immediate. Impaired gas exchange is an emergent and immediate problem.
1. Each culture has its own healers who usually:
A. speak at least two languages.
B. own and operate specialty community clinics.
C. cost less than traditional or biomedical providers.
D. recommend folk practices that are dangerous.
C. cost less than traditional or biomedical providers.
C. Most healers cost significantly less than healers practicing in the biomedical or scientific health care system.
2. While evaluating the health history, the nurse determines that the patient subscribes to the hot/cold theory of health. Which of the following will most likely describe this patient's view of wellness?
A. Good is hot.
B. Evil is hot.
C. The humors must
C. The humors must be balanced.
C. The hot/cold theory of health is based on humoral theory; the treatment of disease is based on the balance of the humors
3. Before determining whether cultural practices are helpful, harmful, or neutral, nurses must first understand:
A. the logic of the traditional belief systems.
B. the beliefs of the patient's family.
C. their personal belief models.
D. the risk of diseas
A. the logic of the traditional belief systems.
Before determining whether cultural practices are helpful, harmful, or neutral, the nurse must first understand the logic of the traditional belief systems underlying the beliefs and practices.
4. On the basis of median age:
A. the non-Hispanic white population tends to be younger.
B. the Hispanic population tends to be older.
C. the Asian population tends to be younger.
D. minorities tend to be older than non-Hispanic white populations.
. the Asian population tends to be younger.
The Asian population was younger with a median age of 35.4 years, and about 26% of the Asian population was younger than 18 years old.
5. Spirituality is defined as:
A. participating in religious services on a regular basis.
B. a personal effort to find meaning and purpose in life.
C. the process of being raised within a culture.
D. a social group that claims to possess variable traits.
B. a personal effort to find meaning and purpose in life.
B. Spirituality is a personal effort to find purpose and meaning in life.
6. Which of the following is true regarding language barriers and health care?
A. There are laws addressing language barriers and health care.
B. Limited English proficiency is associated with a higher quality of care.
C. English proficiency is associated
A. There are laws addressing language barriers and health care.
A. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides people with limited English proficiency access to health care; these individuals cannot be denied health care services.
7. What is the yin/yang theory of health?
A. Health exists when all aspects of the person are in perfect balance.
B. Health exists when physical, psychologic, spiritual, and social needs are met.
C. Health exists in the absence of illness.
D. Health exist
A. Health exists when all aspects of the person are in perfect balance.
A. In the yin/yang theory, health is believed to exist when all aspects of the person are in perfect balance.
8. Which theory has been expanded in an attempt to study the degree to which a person's lifestyle reflects his or her traditional heritage?
A. Behavior theory
B. Heritage consistency
C. Congruence mechanism
D. Socialization experience
B. Heritage consistency
B. Heritage consistency theory has been expanded in an attempt to study the degree to which a person's lifestyle reflects his or her traditional heritage.
9. What symptom is greatly influenced by a person's cultural heritage?
A. hearing loss
B. pain
C. breast lump
D. food intolerance
B. pain
B. Pain is a very private, subjective experience that is greatly influenced by cultural heritage. Expectations, manifestations, and management of pain are all embedded in a cultural context.
10. When considering cultural competence, there are discrete areas that the nurse must develop knowledge of to understand the health care needs of others. These discrete areas include understanding of: (Select all that apply.)
A. his or her own heritage.
A. his or her own heritage.
C. the heritage of the nursing profession.
D. the heritage of the patient.
E. the heritage of the health care system.
Understanding cultural and ethnic values is not an area of knowledge for cultural competence.
1. When preparing the physical setting for an interview, the interviewer should:
A. set the room temperature between 64 and 66� F.
B. reduce noise by turning the volume on the television or radio down.
C. conduct the interview at eye level and at a distan
C. conduct the interview at eye level and at a distance of 4 to 5 feet.
. Both the interviewer and the patient should be at eye level at a distance of 4 to 5 feet.
Parents or caretakers accompany children to the health care setting. Starting at ___ years of age, the interviewer asks the child directly about his or her presenting symptoms.
A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
B. 7
School-age children (starting at age 7) have the verbal ability to add important data to the history. The nurse should interview the parent and child together, but when a presenting symptom or sign exists, the nurse should ask the child about it firs
Which of the following statements, if made by the interviewer, would be an appropriate response?
A. "I know just how you feel."
B. "If I were you, I would have the surgery."
C. "Why did you wait so long to make an appointment?"
D. "Tell me what you mean b
D "Tell me what you mean by 'bad blood'."
This response is an appropriate communication technique referred to as seeking further clarification
While discussing the treatment plan, the nurse infers that the patient is uncomfortable asking the physician for a different treatment because of fear of the physician's reaction. In this situation, the nurse's verbal interpretation:
A. affects the nurse-
C. helps the patient understand personal feelings in relation to his or her verbal message.
Patients may experience barriers to communication with a health care provider seen as an authority figure. The patient may not share personal feelings if fear is e
The use of euphemisms to avoid reality or to hide feelings is known as:
A. distancing language.
B. sympathetic language.
C. avoidance language.
D. ethnocentric language.
C. avoidance language.
C. Euphemisms are used to avoid reality or to hide feelings. Using direct language is the best way to deal with frightening topics instead of using avoidance language.
6. When addressing a toddler during the interview, the health care provider should:
A. ask the child, before the caretaker, about symptoms.
B. use nonverbal communication.
C. use short, simple, concrete sentences.
D. use detailed explanations.
C. use short, simple, concrete sentences.
C. A toddler's communication is direct, concrete, literal, and set in the present. The health care provider should use short, simple sentences with concrete explanations.
Nonverbal communication is the primary form of communication for which group of individuals?
A. Infants
B. Preschoolers
C. Adolescents
D. Older adults
A. Infants
A. Nonverbal communication is the primary form of communication method for infants.
Viewing the world from another person's inner frame of reference is called:
A. reflection.
B. empathy.
C. clarification.
D. sympathy.
B. empathy.
B. Empathy means viewing the world from the other person's inner frame of reference.
An example of an open-ended question or statement is:
A. "Tell me about your pain."
B. "On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain?"
C. "I can see that you are quite uncomfortable."
D. "You are upset about the level of pain, right?
A. "Tell me about your pain."
Open-ended questions and statements ask for narrative information; they state the topic to be discussed, but only in general terms. This type of question encourages the person to respond in paragraphs and to give a spontaneou
10. The most appropriate introduction to use to start an interview with an older adult patient is:
A. "Mr. Jones, I want to ask you some questions about your health so that we can plan your care."
B. "David, I am here to ask you questions about your illne
A. "Mr. Jones, I want to ask you some questions about your health so that we can plan your care."
A. An older adult should be addressed by the last name; older adults may be offended by a younger person using their first names.
Which of the following is included in documenting a history source?
A. Appearance, dress, and hygiene
B. Cognition and literacy level
C. Documented relationship of support systems
D. Reliability of informant
D. Reliability of informant
The source of history is a record of who furnishes the information, how reliable the informant seems, and how willing he or she is to communicate. In addition, there should be a note of any special circumstances, such as the us
. A patient seeks care for "debilitating headaches that cause excessive absences at work." On further exploration, the nurse asks, "What makes the headaches worse?" With this question, the nurse is seeking information about:
A. the patient's perception of
C. aggravating factors.
C. Aggravating factors are determined by asking the patient what makes the pain worse.
The CAGE test is a screening questionnaire that helps to identify:
A. unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
B. personal response to stress.
C. excessive or uncontrollable drinking.
D. depression.
C. excessive or uncontrollable drinking.
CAGE is a screening questionnaire to identify excessive or uncontrolled drinking (e.g., C = Cut down; A = Annoyed; G = Guilty; E = Eye opener).
The "review of systems" in the health history is:
A. an evaluation of past and present health state of each body system.
B. a documentation of the problem as perceived by the patient.
C. a record of objective findings.
D. a short statement of general heal
A. an evaluation of past and present health state of each body system.
The purposes of the review of systems are to evaluate the past and present health state of each body system, to double-check in case any significant data were omitted in the present il
When recording information for the review of systems, the interviewer must document:
A. physical findings, such as skin appearance, to support historic data.
B. "negative" under the system heading.
C. the presence or absence of all symptoms under the syst
C. the presence or absence of all symptoms under the system heading.
When recording information for the review of systems, the interviewer should record the presence or absence of all symptoms, otherwise it is unknown which factors were asked.
Assessment of self-esteem and self-concept is part of the functional assessment. Areas covered under self-esteem and self-concept include:
A. education, financial status, and value-belief system.
B. exercise and activity, leisure activities, and level of
A. education, financial status, and value-belief system.
A. Functional assessment measures a person's self-care ability. The areas assessed under the self-esteem and self-concept section of the functional assessment include education, financial status, an
PQRSTU is a mnemonic that helps the clinician to remember to address characteristics specific to:
A. severity of dementia.
B. substance use and abuse.
C. symptoms.
D. the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).
C. symptoms.
C. The eight critical characteristics of any symptom reported in the history of the present illness are: P = provocative or palliative; Q = quality or quantity; R = region or radiation; S = severity scale; T = timing; and U = understand patie
The nurse questions the reliability of the history provided by the patient. One method to verify information within the context of the interview is to:
A. review previous medical records.
B. rephrase the same questions later in the interview.
C. ask the p
B. rephrase the same questions later in the interview.
A reliable person always gives the same answers, even when questions are rephrased or are repeated later in the interview.
When taking a health history from an adolescent, the interviewer should:
A. ask about violence and abuse before asking about alcohol and drug use.
B. have at least one parent present during the interview.
C. interview the youth alone with a parent in the
C. interview the youth alone with a parent in the waiting area.
C. The adolescent interview during the health history should be with the youth alone; the parent(s) may wait in the waiting area and complete other past health questionnaire forms.
What information is included in greater detail when taking a health history on an infant?
A. nutritional data
B. history of present illness
C. family history
D. environmental hazards
A. nutritional data
. The amount of nutritional information needed depends on the child's age; the younger the child is the more detailed and specific the data should be.