What is the abbreviation for left eye?
OS
What is the abbreviation for the right eye?
OD
What is the abbreviation for both eyes?
OU
The extraocular muscles consist of four straight or ________ muscles and two slanting or ______ muscles.
rectus; oblique
The four straight, or rectus, muscles in the eye are the...
superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles
The two slanting, or oblique, muscles of the eye are the...
superior and inferior muscles
A slight protrusion of the eyeballs may be noticed when examining individuals who come from which ethnic/cultural group?
African Americans
The location in the brain where optic nerve fibers from the temporal fields of vision cross over is identified as the:
Optic chiasm
The _______ is the area in which fibers from the retina converge to form the optic nerve.
optic disc
Which of the following groups of individuals need to be tested for the presence of color blindness (deficiency)?
White males between the ages of 4 and 8 years old
Which of the following statements is true in regard to the results obtained from use of the Snellen chart?
A. The smaller the denominator, the poorer the vision.
B. The larger the denominator, the poorer the vision.
C. The larger the numerator, the better
B. The larger the denominator, the poorer the vision.
The lens of the eye functions as a:
refracting medium
When inspecting the eyeballs of an African American individual, which of the following might the examiner expect to observe?
A. A slight misalignment of the eyeballs
B. A slight yellow discoloration of the sclera
C. Small brown macules on the sclera
D. A
C. Small brown macules on the sclera
The normal color of the optic disc is:
creamy yellow-orange to pink.
Which of the following is an expected response on the cover test?
A. The covered eye moves into a relaxed position.
B. The covered eye maintains its position when uncovered.
C. The uncovered eye is unable to maintain its gaze on a fixed object.
D. The cov
B. The covered eye maintains its position when uncovered.
Which of the following findings is associated with Horner syndrome?
A. Bilateral miosis
B. Bilateral mydriasis
C. A unilateral small regular pupil that reacts to light and accommodation
D. A unilateral dilated pupil with no reaction to light or accommodat
C. A unilateral small regular pupil that reacts to light and accommodation
Decreased vision in the elderly may be due to which of the following conditions?
A. Macular degeneration
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Fixation
D. Presbyopia
A. Macular degeneration
Decreased vision in the elderly is most commonly caused by cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration.
The _________ _________ is the elliptical open space between the eyelids.
palpebral fissure
The border between the cornea and sclera.
limbus
The corner of the eye, the angle where the lids meet.
canthus
At the inner canthus, the _______ is a small, fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands.
caruncle
The _________ glands are modified sebaceous glands that secrete an oily lubricating material onto the lids.
meibomian
Within the upper lid, the _______ plates are strips of connective tissue that give it shape.
tarsal
The exposed part of the eye has a transparent protective covering called the...
conjunctiva
The ________ _________ provides constant irrigation to keep the conjunctiva and cornea moist and lubricated.
lacrimal apparatus
Which gland secretes tears?
lacrimal gland
Movement of the extraocular muscles is stimulated by which of the cranial nerves?
Cranial nerve VI,
Cranial nerve IV,
Cranial nerve III.
The outer layer of the eye is called the...
sclera
Lens opacity
Cataract
The ________ reflex is caused by the relection of the examination light off the inner retina.
red
Dilated and fixed pupils
Mydriasis
Loss of central vision, the most common cause of blindness, is known as ________ degeneration.
Macular
Drooping of the upper eyelid
Ptosis
Inflammation of the eyelids
Blepharitis
Term for reduced near vision, caused by loss of lens elasticity due to aging
Presbyopia
Increased ocular pressure
Glaucoma
Term for "pink eye
Conjunctivitis
A wisp of cotton is used to test the reflex of this eye structure.
Cornea
The perception of two images as a single object.
Diplopia
The mnemonic for recording normal responses to a pupillary examination.
PERRLA
Constricted and fixed pupils.
Miosis
Inability to tolerate light.
Photophobia
Briefly describe the method of assessing the six cardinal fields of vision.
Instruct the patient to hold head steady and follow the examiner's finger. The examiner holds the finger 12 inches from the individual and moves it clockwise to 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 o'clock.
The palpebral fissure is:
the open space between the eyelids.
The corneal reflex is mediated by cranial nerves:
V and VII
The retinal structures viewed through the opthlamoscope are:
the optic disc, the retinal vessels, the general background, and the macula.
The examiner records "positive consensual light reflex." This is:
the simultaneous constriction of the other pupil when one eye is exposed to bright light.
Several changes occur in the eye with the aging process. The thickening and yellowing of the lens is referred to as:
senile cataract.
Be alert to symptoms that may constitute an eye emergency. Identify the symptom(s) that should be referred immediately.
A. floaters
B. epiphora
C. sudden onset of vision change
d. photophobia
C. sudden onset of vision change
Visual acuity is assessed with:
The Snellen eye chart
The cover test is used to assess for:
muscle weakness.
When using the ophthalmascope, you would:
remove your own glasses and approach the patient's left eye with your left eye.
The six muscles that control eye movement are innervated by cranial nerves:
III, IV, VI
Conjunctivitis is always associated with:
reddened conjunctiva.
A patient has blurred peripheral vision. You suspect glaucoma, and test the visual fields. A person with normal vision would see your moving finger temporally at ____ degrees.
90 degrees
A person is known to be blind in the left eye. What happens to the pupils when the right eye is illuminated by a penlight beam?
Both pupils constrict.
Use of the ophthalmoscope: an interruption of the red reflex occurs when:
there is an opacity in the cornea or lens.
One cause of visual impairment in aging adults is:
a. strabismus
b. glaucoma
c. amblyopia
d. retinoblastoma
b. glaucoma
Documentation of an eye examination can include the term PERRLA. What does this mean?
P - pupils
E - equal
R - round
R - react (to)
L - light (and)
A - accommodation
What is the cause of the red reflex?
light reflecting from the retina.
Which examination is used to test for color blindness?
Ishihara test.
Myopia is the medical term for
Impaired far vision (nearsightedness)
Presbyopia is the medical term for
Impaired near vision (farsightedness)
A client with nystagmus will demonstrate:
jerky eye movements during the six cardinal positions gaze test.
Medical term for crossed eyed.
Strabismus
What is Ptosis?
Covering of the pupil by the upper eyelid.
Impaired far vision is called?
Myopia
Impaired near vision (or farsightedness) is called?
Presbyopia
Which chart is used for testing/screening for myopia?
Snellen (E) Chart
Which chart is used for testing/screening for presybopia?
The Rosenbaum eye chart.
What does EOM stand for?
Extraocular movements
Medical term for bulging eyes?
exophthalmos