Number of Books in NT
27
Word Gospel derived from
Anglo-Saxon "god spell' meaning good tidings or news
4 Parts of NT
Gospels (Good News revealed), Acts (Good News preached), Letters (how Good News is lived out by Christians), Revelation (how Christians are persecuted for living out Good News)
Synoptic Gospels
Mark, Matthew, and Luke
Synoptic
from Greek word meaning viewed together
Unlike other Gospels in details and style
John (more figurative and spiritual)
Oldest known fragment of NT
Ryland's Fragment from John:8, 130CE
Other Manuscripts
Bodmer II Papyrus (most of Jonh's Gospel, 200AD) and Beatty Papyrus (most of NT, 300 AD)
Stages of Gospel Development
Lived Stage (what Jesus did when alive, 30-33CE), Preached Stage (preserved orally, spread by Jesus' people, 33-70), and Written Stage (finally written edited and arranged, 50-150 CE)
Symbol of Stages of Gospel Development
ocean floor
KNOW CHART ON INTERRELATIONSHIPS BTWN THE GOSPELS
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Mark Symbol
Desert Lion
Mark Theme
Resurrection
Mark Background
written in Rome during Roman peace, good roads and transportation, common language, spiritual hunger
Mark Opening
a voice crying out in the desert", John the Baptist and an adult Jesus
Mark Author
young man, missionary, knew Peter and Paul, Gentile/ Barnabas' cousin, Paul's coworker, Peter's disciple
Mark Date
70 CE, first Gospel (around time of Nero)
Mark Audience
Gentile Christians of Rome being persecuted
Mark Emphasis
man of action, shows emotion, seen as suffering Messiah, the Christ, Son of God
Luke Symbol
Sacrificial Ox
Luke Theme
redemption
Luke Background
written in Greece, Jews are not under persecution
Luke Opening
Zechariah (John the Baptist's father) sacrificing in the temple
Luke Author
physician, Gentile, knows Paul and Mark, not an eyewitness, a Greek convert
Luke Date
75 CE, Second Gospel
Luke Audience
Gentile Christians in Greece, help those already Christian to better understand their faith and roots
Luke Emphasis
Gospel of Mercy and forgiveness, Jesus is a healer (soul like forgiveness, Good Samaritan, Good Chief and body like miracles and curing of blindness, lepers, lame), Gospel of Eternal Salvation, Gospel of the Holy Spirit (drives Jesus), Gospel of Women
Matthew symbol
man
Matthew theme
incarnation
Matthew background
probably written in Antioch, Syria (home to sizable Jewish community)
Matthew Opening
genealogy of Jesus (connecting him to Abraham, father of Judaism and David, Israel's greatest king)
Matthew Author
Jewish scribe, maybe Christian convert, probably not the Apostle who was the tax collector
Matthew Date
85CE, third Gospel (after destruction of Jerusalem and temple)
Matthew Emphasis
Jewish Messiah and Teacher (addressed as Rabbi/ teacher, compared to Moses
Jesus is thoughtful and reflective
Jesus came to bring "Kingdom of God" (goes back to Israel first wanting King, concern for others and absolute faith in God, let go of lesser gods
John Symbol
eagle
John theme
ascension
John background
Antioch
John Opening
Jesus comes from and goes back to heaven
John Author
Beloved Disciple" probably not John but his community who were very prayful
John Date
90-100 CE, fourth Gospel
John Audience
ALL Christians in Asia Minor
John Emphasis
Jesus is God and word of God (starts by telling us who Jesus is, son of God)
Jesus is strong and powerful (less historically accurate, more reflective)
Jesus came to bring fullness of life
Jesus is divine
begins with eternity
John
uses mistake technique to teach
John
Only Gospel that uses "I Am" Passages
John
Stressing continuation of Jesus's power and presence in Sacraments
John
shows insight to Jesus and his message, often used as a source of prayer
John
Four Parts of John
Prologue, Book of Signs (miracles and wondrous deeds), Book of Glory (Last Supper, Passion/Death, Resurrection), Epilogue (Resurrection appearances)
begins with John the Baptist
Mark
explains Jewish customs and words
Mark
uses form of rhetorical question technique
Mark
has different endings
Mark
shortest Gospel with ____ verses
Mark, 667
hardest on the apostles
Mark
Has two parts which lead up to a profession of faith
Mark (Peter a Jew and a Roman Officer a Gentile)
contains the most events
Mark
most chronological narrative positioned in the order they occur
Mark
more miracles than any other Gospel
Mark
other Gospels quote all but 31 verses of this Gospel
Mark
uses of passage to show how Jesus fulfills Jewish phrophecies (Moses and fulfillment, Harod as Pharoah, Mt)
Matthew
has highly structured format (Chiasmus)
Matthew
Chiasmus
mirror image/ reflective pattern