A sound wave in which changes in air pressure follow a sine wave pattern is known as a(n) ______.
Pure tone
The physical unit that measures sound amplitude is known as the ______.
Decibel
The three small bones in the middle ear are collectively known as ______.
Ossicles
The snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that houses the hair cells that transduce sound into a neural signal is known as the ______.
Cochlea
The frequency to which any particular location on the basilar membrane responds best is called:
the characteristic frequency
The primary auditory cortex is located in the _______
Temporal lobe
________ refers to situations where sound does not properly arrive to the cochlea.
conductive hearing loss
Stereocilia in hair cells bend in response to the movement of the basilar membrane, and the bendin changes the voltage within the hair cells. This results in the
transduction of a neural signal
The view that different locations along the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies is known as
place code theory
The subjective experience of sound that is most closely associated with the frequency of a sound stimulus, related to the experience of whether the sound is high or low is known as
pitch
The pinna is:
the structure that collects sound and funnels it into the auditory canal
The thin elastic sheet that vibrates in response to sounds coming through the external auditory canal, commonly known as the eardrum, is known as the:
tympanic membrane
The snail-like shape structure in the inner ear that houses the hair cells that transduce sound into a neural signal is known as the
cochlea
A mathematical procedure for taking any complex waveform and determining the simpler waveforms that make up that complex pattern (the simpler waves used are sine waves) is known as:
Fourier analysis
The perceived sound differences between sounds with the same pitch but possessing different higher harmonics is known as:
Timbre
The difference in loudness and frequency distribution between the two ears is known as:
Interaural level difference
The cone of confusion is:
A region of positions in space in which sounds create the same interaural time and interaural level differences
What is the process by which a person isolates the sound of the air conditioner from other sounds, such as the refrigerator, the television, the clock, and the lawn mower from next door?
Temporal segregation
The _______ reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object.
vestibulo-ocular
______ have stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity.
hair cells
_______ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.
otolith organs
_______ are the toroidal tubes in the vestibular system that sense angular motion.
Semicircular canals
When subjects are passively translated in the dark, they _________ at reproducing the distance they traveled.
are extremely good
_______ typically result(s) from a disagreement between the motion and orientation signals provided by the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and vision.
Motion sickness
The ____ reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object.
Vestibulo-ocular
Which of the following are used in localizing where sounds are coming from in space?
-Interaural level difference
-Interaural time difference
-Loudness differences between the left and right ear
-All of the above
all of the above
That sound from the left reaches our left ear slightly before it reaches our right ear allows the human auditory system to compute:
The direction from which the sound is coming
Animals such as antelope that have eyes on the sides of their head have the advantage of a
A wider field of view
The clear front surface of the eye that allows light in, which is also a major focusing element of the eye is known as the ______.
cornea
Why is the location of the optic disc associated with the blind spot?
Receptor cells are not present in this region.
T/F The duplex theory of vision is the doctrine that there are functionally two distinct ways in which our eyes work, the photopic, associated with the cones, and the scotopic, associated with the rods.
True
What is a receptive field?
the area in the visual world that a particular sensory neuron responds to
A condition that develops from an irregular shape of the cornea or the lens, which makes it impossible for the lens to accommodate a fully focused image, is known as ______.
Astigmatism
The left visual world is represented in the ______
Right hemisphere
The allocation of more space in the cortex to some sensory receptors than to others is known as ______.
cortical magnification
A column within V1 that is made up of neurons that receive input from only the left eye or only the right eye is called a(n) ______ column.
Ocular dominance
T/F The dorsal pathway is known as the "what" pathway, whereas the ventral pathway is known as the "where" pathway.
false
Critical period refers to:
A period of development beyond which it is difficult or impossible to change the function of neurons
Selective Adaptation is:
A method used to investigate whether humans have neurons that prefer specific features like specific colors, orientations or spatial frequencies.
The presence of visual abilities in the absence of the visual cortex is known as ______.
Blindsight
As measured in nanometers (nm), the wavelength distribution of visible light
400-700nm
The left visual world is represented in
The contralateral side of the brain
The process of adjusting the lens of the eye so that both near and far objects can be seen clearly is
Accommodation
The doctrine that there are functionally two distinct ways in which our eyes work, the photopic, associated with the cones, and the scotopic, associated with the rods, is known as the
Duplex theory
The allocation of more space in the cortex to some sensory receptors than to others and the fovea having a larger cortical area than the periphery is known as
Cortical magnification
The orienting tuning curve refers to a graph that
Demonstrates the typical response of a simple cell to stimuli or different orientations